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1

Surface anisotropy orients cell divisions in contact guided cells

100%
Krzysiek-Maczka G., Korohoda W.
Folia Biologica
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1-2
13-19
EN
The orientation of cell elongation and the plane of cell division were determined in cells growing under isotropic conditions on a plain glass surface or under anisotropic conditions on a scratched glass surface. Four cell lines were analysed, each showing various degrees of contact guidance. Human skin fibroblasts and the skin keratinocyte cell line HaCaT oriented randomly on the smooth isotropic surface of glass, grew and divided randomly. By contrast, on an anisotropic scratched surface these cells showed contact guidance, elongated along scratches, and their planes of division were perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. In these two cell types there was a high degree of correlation between the cell alignment and the plane of cell division, which shows that extracellular factors can influence or even determine the latter. In cell lines in which contact guidance under anisotropic conditions was less evident, viz. the lung endothelial cell line HLMEC and the skin endothelial cell line HSkMEC, the alignment of cell division planes was less ordered. This report concentrates on quantitative phenomenological descriptions of the orientation of cell division as determined by contact guidance.
2

Involvement of cytoskeleton in orientation of cell division in contact guided cells

81%
Krzysiek-Maczka G., Michalik M., Madeja Z., Korohoda W.
Folia Biologica
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1-2
21-27
EN
Single human skin fibroblasts and the skin keratinocyte cell line HaCaT show contact guidance and elongate along narrow (1-2 Fm) scratches in glass substratum. During cell division these cells orientate their mitotic spindles along the long axis of the cell. Immunofluorescence staining of actin, tubulin, chromatin, and the nuclear NuMA protein complex demonstrated that cell elongation along scratches is accompanied by a corresponding rearrangement in the cytoskeleton. The results and literature suggest the following steps in the interplay between outside-in and inside-out signalling in the regulation of cell division orientation by extracellular factors. The interaction of cell surface with an anisotropy in the local environment causes changes in F-actin organization, cell elongation and alignment of stress fibres along the cell axis. This is accompanied by a corresponding reorientation of microtubules. Microtubules mediate between cell shape changes dependent upon cell interaction with substratum or other cells, the cortical actin and the position of centrosomes. Centrosomes determine the position and orientation of the mitotic spindle. The astral and central microtubules of the mitotic spindle control the localization of contraction-relaxation in the cell cortex and the position of the constriction ring and cell division plane.
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