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EN
Proper sample storage before RNA isolation is crucial for a reliable assessment of microbial activity in activated sludge. In our studies, different amounts of activated sludge expressed in mg of total suspended solids (TSS) were fixed with a constant volume of RNA later RNA Stabilization Reagent (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA) and stored for 3 or 6 months. The results obtained point out that for the best RNA recovery, 1 mg of activated sludge TSS should be fixed with 33 ?l of the RNAlater. It was also observed that a longer storage period (6 vs. 3 months) of the activated sludge in RNA later lowered RNA recovery by, on average, 25 ? 15% although bacterial diversity in all samples remained unaltered.
EN
The aetiology of variation in transcription of ribosomal genes is still an open question. Investigations carried out in many organisms showed that the variation depends not only on genetic mechanisms such as rDNA methylation, elimination of rDNA or the position effects. In this review, we discuss the results of the studies on repression of rRNA transcriptional activation from protein factors to conditions of cell culture, which may influence the variation of nucleolar organizer region activity.
EN
In this case report we present a child with an additional chromosome in the karyotype. The karyotypes of the boy and his parents were analyzed by use of a conventional banding technique (GTG) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Probes painting whole chromosomes 12 and 18 were used in FISH. Cytogenetic examination of the parents revealed that his mother was carrying balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 12 and 18. Her karyotype was described as 46,XX,t(12;18)(p13;q12). Father's karyotype was normal, described as 46,XY. The boy's karyotype was defined as 47,XY,+der(18)t(12;18)(p13;q12). The additional chromosome appeared probably due to 3:1 meiotic disjunction of the maternal balanced translocation, known as tertiary trisomy. The mother displayed a normal phenotype and delivered earlier a healthy child. However, the boy with the unbalanced karyotype shows multiple congenital abnormalities.
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