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EN
Activity of professors Brandes and Boguslawski, with great students and astronomy amateurs engagement caused that in the mid-nineteenth century Wrocław became an important meteor observation center. In Wrocław, the following meteorites were also investigeted: Grüneberg, Braunau, Seeläsgen and Gnadenfrei. As a result, the Mineralogical Museum – as the only one in Poland – posesses fragments of these meteorites.
EN
In his catalogue (Klein 1904) Klein described many events concerning meteorites, for example information about a fallen meteorite which destroyed a prison tower in Warsaw in 1600. He managed to find an original source of the information, specify the date and determine which tower had been hit by falling meteorite. The report of that event could be found in one source only and was copied by many searchers. The issue thus remains open whether we deal with a real description of the event.
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809 Lundia – podwójna zagadka

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EN
CCD photometry of 809 Lundia obtained from September 2005 till January 2006 at Borowiec and Pic du Midi Observatories shows that this object is a synchronous binary system with an orbital period of 15.418 ±0.001 h. In this paper we present the results of photometric observations of Lundia from two oppositions in 2005/2006 and 2007 as well as the first modelling of the system. For sake of simplicity we have assumed a fluid like nature for each component in modified Roche model and triaxial ellipsoid shape in kinematic model. Our models gave similar results. Triaxial ellipsoid shape solutions and separation between components are given after taking an equivalent diameter of 9.1 km from H = 11.8 mag and assuming an albedo of 0.4. Orbital period of the Lundia system obtained from modelling is the same as from lightcurve analysis 15.418 ± 0.001 h. Bulk density of both components is 1.64 or 1.71 ± 0.01 g/ccm. The double system of Lundia likely originates from the fission process of a single body that could have been spun up by the YORP effect. The predicted lightcurves for future oppositions are also presented.
EN
There are described the most important events of the 45-year-old direct Mars exploration. The paper presents exploration programmes and functioning of the most important space probes which have been sent by the USA, former USSR, Russia, Japan and the EU.
EN
Since 2010, the Meteorite Section of the Comet and Meteor Workshop (PKiM) has been systematically organizing exploratory expeditions to selected meteorite strewn fields, calculated from bolides registered with the Polish Fireball Network (PFN). Some of the expeditions organized in the period of 2018–2020, after the phenomena PF140118, PF070119, EN050120 and PF310720 are reported. All these phenomena have a common feature, they reach beyond the borders of Poland – either the analysis was developed in cooperation with the European Fireball Network (EN) or the meteorite fall took place abroad. It is clear that meteor phenomena have no boundaries and for positive research results in near-Earth space science a European cooperation is highly recommended. Many meteorites fallen from the bolides registered in the PFN are still in the strewn field waiting to be discovered. The article presents a study of the most important phenomena happened in two last years, and it is also a hint where to look for meteorites in Europe.
EN
Protoplanetary disks have been observed around several young stars. Enclosed examples present the various phases of disk evolution.
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EN
Henryk Kratter was born in 1799 in Lvov. Probably there he were going to school. Afterwards he studied medicine in Vien. During his studies he interested in meteorites and then prepaered his doctor thesis (Kratter 1825a) and the book (Kratter 1825b) on them. The information source of both works was only literature, because he didn’t examined meteorites by himself. He based on writings by Chladni (Chladni 1794) and (Chladni 1819), Scherer (Scherer 1809) and Schreibers (Schreibers 1820). Such choise of sources warranted high scientific standard of Kratter’s works but they are written in complicated style with very long sentences and many digressions what makes realy laborious reading and understanding them. Kratter announced subject of his next work as iron meteorites, not described in his thesis and book, but he didn’t write anything more about meteorites. After defence of his thesis and graduation Kratter started to work as a doctor, first in Padva and later in Budva and in Kotor in Montenegro nowadays. At the end Kratter moved to Zloczov and he was a provincial physician until his death in 1862. He was a member of Medical Society and Zoological-Botanical Society in Vien. He wrote two books about mineral waters of Szczawnica and treatment with them (Kratter 1842a) and (Kratter 1842b). Kratters name is commemorated by the name – nebra kratteri – of the cockchafer discovered by him in Carpathian Mountains in neighbourhood of Jassy town, now in Romania.
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