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1

The evaluation of markers of prostatic inflammation and function of the prostate gland in patients with chronic prostatitis

100%
Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Badyda J., Galewska Z.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 4
277-282
EN
Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and PMN elastase and citric acid concentrations in chronic prostatitis patients regardless of etiology and in those with Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the prostate gland. Materials and Methods: The study involved 46 patients with chronic prostatitis. Expressed prostatitc secretions (EPS) were obtained to determine the leukocyte count, PMN elastase (ELISA) and citric acid concentrations (UV method), and the occurrence of C. trachomatis infection. Results: Increased PMN cell counts (10 per high-power field) were found in 73.9% of patients and increased PMN elastase concentration (<250 ng/ml) in 78.3%. In 44.4% of the patients the elastase concentration indicated moderate (250?1000 ng/ml) and in 55.6% acute infection (1000 ng/ml). Decreased citric acid concentration (<18.12 mg/ml) in the EPS was found in 65.2% of the men. C. trachomatis prostate infection was detected in 17.4% of the patients and all of these men had higher inflammation parameters and lower citric acid concentrations. Conclusions: C. trachomatis prostate inflammation was accompanied by an increase in inflammation markers and a decrease in citric acid concentration.
2

Antichlamydial antibodies and citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis

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Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Badyda J., Galewska Z.
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
57-60
EN
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of anti-C. trachomatis (C.t.) antibodies in serum and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and the concentration of citric acid in patients with chronic prostatitis. Materials and Methods: The study involved 34 men with chronic prostatitis. The leukocyte count, presence of anti-C.t. antibodies (IgA, IgG), and citric acid concentration were determined in the EPS. The serum was examined for IgM, IgA, and IgG anti-C.t. antibodies. Specific antibodies were determined using the EIA method. The concentration of citric acid was measured using the ultraviolet method. Results: Inflammation of the prostate (10 PMN) was found in 61.8% of the patients. A reduction in citric acid concentration in the EPS was detected in 58.8% of the men. Specific serum antibodies were detected in 58.8% of the patients, including 23.5% with IgM, 32.4% with IgA, and 44.1% with IgG. In all patients, serum IgM and IgA antibody titers were low, while those of IgG antibodies were strongly positive in 46.7% of the patients. Anti-C.t. antibodies in the EPS were detected in 44.1% of the patients, including 32.4% with IgA and 35.3% with IgG. In contrast to serum, the titers of IgG antibodies in the EPS were low in all the patients, while those of IgA were strongly positive in 54.5% of cases. In patients with positive serological outcomes, 85% had reduced concentrations of citric acid.Conclusions: The occurrence of anti-C.t. antibodies is usually accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of citric acid in the prostatic secretion.
3

The immunology of Chlamydia trachomatis

100%
Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Puci?o K.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 51
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issue 5
289-294
EN
Chlamydia trachomatis (C. tachomatis) is one of the most common sexually transmitted bacterial agents. What distinguishes it from other organisms is its intracellular reproductive cycle. Up to now, four antigens have been identified in the Chlamydia genus: genus-specific antigen as well as species-specific, type-specific and subspecies-specific. C. trachomatis is a powerful immunogen which stimulates the host?s immunological processes. The intracellular parasitism of the bacteria is the basis for both symptomatic or asymptomatic infection as well as for chronic ones. The primary infection leads to a local inflammatory reaction due to penetration and reproduction of the bacteria in the epithelial cells and to IgA secretory antibody production. In most cases the host?s reaction to the primary infection is transient and does not cause tissue damage. In the course of chronic infection or reinfection, the most important processes are those of delayed hypersensitivity, which lead to a fast and intense immunological reaction of specifically sensitized Th1 lymphocytes. This reaction leads to progressive damage of the epithelial cells and to cicatrization and fibrosis, which means irreversible complications. Interferon gamma is of special importance in the process of C. trachomatis infection. High concentrations of it inhibit the bacteria's reproductive cycle, while lower concentrations promote the development of atypical, non-contagious forms of Chlamydia of diminished metabolic activity and altered antigenicity. The chlamydial heat shock proteins are considered to be of great importance lately. Their molecular weights of 60 and 10 kDa are a powerful stimulant of immunological reactions and show significant homology (40-90%) to human and other bacterial heat shock proteins.
4

The effect of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the prostate gland on the concentration of citric acid

100%
Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Badyda J., Galewska Z.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
69-73
EN
Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) infection of the prostate and the concentration of citric acid. Materials and Methods: The study involved 60 patients with chronic prostatitis (NIH III). Urethral swabs and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) were collected for analysis. The urethral swabs were tested for PMNs and the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C.t., while the EPS were analyzed to determine PMN count, C.t., and citric acid concentration. The DFA or LCR method was used for C.t. diagnosis. The concentration of citric acid was measured using the UV method. Results: Inflammation of the prostate (PMNs 10/field) was diagnosed in 58.3% of the patients. C.t. infection was found in 20%, including 8.3% with only the urethra affected and 10% with only the prostate. One patient had both the urethra and the prostate infected. A reduction in the concentration of citric acid in EPS was observed in 56.7% of the men. In 88.2% of the patients, reduced citric acid concentration was accompanied by an elevated PMN count in the EPS. All patients with C.t. infection of the prostate showed a reduced concentration of citric acid. In five patients with urethral infection, lack of a decrease in this parameter was noted in one. In all the patients with chlamydial infection, irrespective of localization, a high PMN count was observed in the EPS.Determination of the concentration of citric acid in the prostatic fluid is a good indicator of prostatitis. C.t. infection of the prostate gland is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of citric acid.
5

Antichlamydial antibodies in the serum and expressed prostatic secretion in prostatitis

76%
Ostaszewska-Puchalska I., Zdrodowska-Stefanow B., Badyda J., Bulhak-Koziol V., Pucilo K., Darewicz B.
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EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) antibodies in serum and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) in chronic prostatitis. Thirty-six patients with chronic prostatitis were examined. The presence of C. trachomatis was determined in urethral smears and EPS. Specific antibodies were determined in the serum (IgM, IgA, IgG) and in the EPS (IgA, IgG). In the direct diagnosis of chlamydial infection, the direct immunofluorescence method and the ligase chain reaction were employed, and for the serological diagnosis, the immunoenzymatic method. C. trachomatis infection was detected in the urethra of 3 (8.3%) patients and in the prostatic gland of 3 (8.3%) patients; only one of these patients was found to have C. trachomatis in both the urethra and the EPS. In the control group, C. trachomatis was detected in the urethra of 1/50 (2%) of the men, but the EPS of all of them was free of C. trachomatis. Specific IgM antibodies were found in 7 (19.4%), IgA in 9 (25%), and IgG in 18 (50%) of the patients' serum, whereas IgAs were detected in 12 (33.3%) and IgGs in 13 (36.1%) of the patients' EPS. In the control group, anti-C. trachomatis antibodies of the IgG were detected in the serum of 2/35 (5.7%) of the men, whereas in the EPS neither IgA nor IgG antibodies were detected in any of these patients. Serological tests of the serum and EPS are useful as a complementary method in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.
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