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The impact of aerobic and anaerobic training on cutaneous microcirculation

100%

Szyguła R., Dybek T.

2009

vol. 17

issue 3

17-25

Celem pracy jest określenie zmian wartości wybranych parametrów łożyska naczyniowego następujących pod wpływem systematycznego treningu tlenowego (kolarze szosowi) i beztlenowego (podnoszenie ciężarów) w porównaniu do osób prowadzących sedenteryjny tryb życia. Badaniami objęto 12 sportowców: 6 kolarzy szosowych oraz 6 ciężarowców, posiadających drugą i pierwszą klasę sportową, trenujących przynajmniej od 4 lat. W charakterystyce obciążeń treningowych w grupie zawodników podnoszących ciężary zdecydowanie przeważał trening siłowy, natomiast w grupie kolarzy szosowych priorytetowym zadaniem treningu było kształtowanie zdolności do wysiłków długotrwałych. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 30 osób aktywnych fizycznie przez około 1-2 godziny tygodniowo, a aktywność ta związana była z czynnościami dnia codziennego (np. wejście po schodach, spacer itp.). Mikrokrążenie skórne było mierzone za pomocą laserowego przepływomierza Dopplerowskiego Periflux 4001 (Perimed, Szwecja). Badano przepływ spoczynkowy, reakcję przekrwienną na okluzję i temperaturę, reakcję ortostatyczną oraz maksymalny pobór tlenu. Oprócz częstotliwości analizowano również moc sygnału w każdym przedziale. Z wyjątkiem zera biologicznego wszystkie mierzone parametry były istotnie statystycznie wyższe u kolarzy (RF-35,33 ± 3,25 PU; BZ-2,97 ± 0,24 PU; PORH MAX-150,67 ± 1 0,14 PU; TH MAX-278,94 ± 60,22 PU; OR-57,06 ± 3,1%, VO2max-66,11 ± 7,01 ml/kg/min), w porównaniu z obiema grupami: ciężarowców i grupą kontrolną (ciężarowcy: RF-16,01 ± 3,53 PU; BZ-3,0 ± 0,19 PU; PORH MAX-84,19 ± 19,46 PU; TH MAX 221,85 ± 91,57 PU; OR-43,68 ± 1,89%, VO2max-42,07 ± 3,63 ml/kg/min; grupa kontrolna: RF-15,58 ± 16,27 PU; BZ-2,81 ± 0,42 PU; PORH MAX-70,95 ± 24,48 PU; TH MAX 171,39 ± 32,18 PU; OR-42,36 ± 2,97%, VO2max-35,14 ± 8,65 ml/kg/min). Analiza częstotliwości wykazała niższe oscylacje w zakresie neurogennym i sercowym oraz wyższe wartości w zakresie śródbłonkowym w grupie kolarzy. Wnioski: 1. Regularny trening tlenowy wpływa zdecydowanie pozytywnie na mikrokrążenie skórne poprawiając znacząco jego parametry. 2. Regularny trening siłowy w bardzo nieznaczny sposób zmienia wartości wskaźników skórnego łożyska naczyniowego. 3. Wpływ aktywności fizycznej na mikrokrążenie skórne wymaga dalszych badań.

The aim of the study was to determine alterations of the values of chosen parameters of the vascular bed resulting from systematic aerobic (road cyclists) and anaerobic (weightlifters) training compared to individuals with a sedentary way of life. The tested group consisted of 12 athletes: 6 cyclists and 6 weightlifters, with II and I sport group, practising for at least 4 years. In the weightlifters' group predominant training load was directed at strength, whereas in the cyclists' group priority was to form endurance capabilities. All athletes were tested during the competition period. The control group consisted of 30 persons, who practiced motor activity for 1-2 hours a week whereas their activity was connected with everyday routines (climbing the stairs, walking etc). The microcirculation was measured using Doppler laser flowmeter Perifluks 4001 (Perimed, Sweden). Rest flow, hyperaemic, hyperthermic and orthostatic reactivity of skin microcirculation and maximal minute oxygen uptake (VO2max), were evaluated. Apart from frequency, the signal power was also analyzed. Beside biological zero, all other measured parameters were statistically significant higher in the cyclists (RF-35,33 ± 3,25 PU; BZ-2,97 ± 0,24 PU; PORH MAX-150,67 ± 1 0,14 PU; TH MAX-278,94 ± 60,22 PU; OR-57,06 ± 3,1%, VO2max-66,11 ± 7,01 ml/kg/min), compared with the both group: weightlifters and control group (weightlifters: RF-16,01 ± 3,53 PU; BZ-3,0 ± 0,19 PU; PORH MAX-84,19 ± 19,46 PU; TH MAX 221,85 ± 91,57 PU; OR-43,68 ± 1,89%, VO2max-42,07 ± 3,63 ml/kg/min; control group: RF-15,58 ± 16,27 PU; BZ-2,81 ± 0,42 PU; PORH MAX-70,95 ± 24,48 PU; TH MAX 171,39 ± 32,18 PU; OR-42,36 ± 2,97%, VO2max-35,14 ± 8,65 ml/kg/min). The frequency analysis showed smaller oscillations of the sympathetic system and also in the cardiac frequency and increased activity of the endothelium in the cyclists. Conclusions: 1. Regular aerobic exercise has a beneficial impact on cutaneous microcirculation thus significantly improving the value of its parameters. 2. Regular force training merely alters the values of the cutaneous microcirculation indexes. 3. The impact of physical activity on cutaneous microcirculation requires further studies.

Motor Development of Children and Adolescents Aged 8-16 Years in View of Their Somatic Build and Objective Quality of Life of Their Families

71%

Puciato D., Mynarski W., Rozpara M., Borysiuk Z., Szyguła R.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2011

vol. 28

45-53

The differences in human motor development are determined by predispositions and living conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine relationships between motor fitness of children and adolescents aged 8-16 years (277 boys and 247 girls), and their somatic build and quality of life of their families. Body height, body mass and skinfold thickness were measured. On the basis of these measurements body mass index (BMI), Rohrer's index and lean body mass (LBM) were calculated. The subjects' physical fitness was also assessed with motor tests: speed of arm movement (plate tapping), agility (10 × 5 m shuttle run), explosive strength of the legs (standing broad jump), trunk strength (situps), explosive strength of the trunk and shoulder girdle (1-kg medicine ball throw), and flexibility (sit and reach) regarded as a morpho-functional predisposition of motor abilities. The standing broad jump results were then used to calculate maximal anaerobic power (MPA). The examination was completed with a questionnaire survey of the children's parents concerning their families' quality of life. On the basis of the parents' answers to the questionnaire, two quality of life indices were constructed: objective quality of life index and subjective quality of life index. Due to the wide age bracket of subjects the sample was divided into two age groups: 8-12 and 13-16-year-olds. The relationships between subjects' motor development, somatic traits and their families' quality of life were examined with the use of multivariate comparative analysis. The level of motor development of studied children was more strongly determined by their somatic build than the quality of life of their families. The most important somatic determinants of the subjects' motor abilities were body height and subcutaneous adiposity. These determinants primarily affected speed and strength abilities of younger school children. Objective quality of life of children's families determined the development of some strength abilities in children aged 8-12 years. No correlations between the subjects' motor development and subjective quality of life of their families were found.

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1 Journal of Human Kinetics

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1 Borysiuk Z.

1 Dybek T.

1 Mynarski W.

1 Puciato D.

1 Rozpara M.

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The impact of aerobic and anaerobic training on cutaneous microcirculation

Motor Development of Children and Adolescents Aged 8-16 Years in View of Their Somatic Build and Objective Quality of Life of Their Families