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Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry

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Ryu J., Marciniak M., Wieśniak M., Kaszlikowski D., Żukowski M.

Acta Physica Polonica A

2017

vol. 132

issue 6

1713-1718

Normalized quantum Stokes operators introduced in Phys. Rev. A 95, 042113 (2017) enable one to better observe non-classical correlations of entangled states of optical fields with undefined photon numbers. For a given run of an experiment the new quantum Stokes operators are defined by the differences of the measured intensities (or photon numbers) at the exits of a polarizer divided by their sum. It is this ratio that is to be averaged, and not the numerator and the denominator separately, as it is in the conventional approach. The new approach allows to construct more robust entanglement indicators against photon-loss noise, which can detect entangled optical states in situations in which witnesses using standard Stokes operators fail. Here we show an extension of this approach beyond phenomena linked with polarization. We discuss EPR-like experiments involving correlations produced by optical beams in a multi-mode bright squeezed vacuum state. EPR-inspired entanglement conditions for all prime numbers of modes are presented. The conditions are much more resistant to noise due to photon loss than similar ones which employ standard Glauber-like intensity, correlations.

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1 Acta Physica Polonica A

1 2017

1 Kaszlikowski D.

1 Marciniak M.

1 Ryu J.

1 Wieśniak M.

1 Żukowski M.

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Entanglement Conditions Involving Intensity Correlations of Optical Fields: the Case of Multi-Port Interferometry