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EN
INTRODUCTION: Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital defects, associated with many problems including cosmetic and dental abnormalities, as well as speech, suction, chewing, swallowing, hearing and facial growth difficulties. AIM OF THE STUDY: To review different attempts and methods of cleft palate treatment, such as using obturators or surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cleft palate has been known for a long time and its treatment has been a considerable challenge for clinicians throughout the history of dentistry. The contemporary system of treatment of cleft palate is complex and multidisciplinary.
PL
WPROWADZENIE: Rozszczep podniebienia jest jedną z najczęstszych wad rozwojowych twarzoczaszki, polegającą na braku ciągłości anatomicznej i niedorozwoju tej struktury. Powoduje ponadto liczne zaburzenia czynnościowe (oddychania, ssania, połykania, żucia i mowy) oraz sprzyja infekcjom dróg oddechowych i ucha środkowego. CEL PRACY: Przedstawienie na podstawie piśmiennictwa różnych metod leczenia rozszczepu podniebienia, zarówno leczenia protetycznego przy zastosowaniu obturatorów, jak i leczenia chirurgicznego. PODSUMOWANIE: Rozszczep podniebienia, podobnie jak inne choroby, prawdopodobnie znany był ludzkości od początku jej istnienia. Na przestrzeni wieków podejmowano wiele prób wyleczenia tej wady lub zniwelowania efektów ubocznych. Obecnie obowiązuje wielospecjalistyczny model leczenia rozszczepu podniebienia.
EN
Telomerase, undetectable in normal somatic cells, plays a critical role in carcinogenesis of the majority of human tumors including lung carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to estimate its usefulness as diagnostic and/or prognostic factor. hTERT expression was analyzed in a group of 12 females and 28 males with NSCLC using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR method) in cancerous and non-cancerous lung tissues. Results were analyzed according to clinical data and one-, two-, and five-year survival rates. hTERT expression in the cancerous tissue was significantly higher than in the lung parenchyma free from neoplasm infiltration (p<0.05). There was no significant association between hTERT expression in the tumor tissue and age, gender, grading or clinical stage. A significant difference in hTERT expression between two types of histopathological patterns (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) was detected (p=0.01). No association between hTERT expression in NSCLC specimens and survival rates was found. hTERT mRNA detection by QRT-PCR in tumor and corresponding cancer-free tissues can be used as a diagnostic marker in patients with NSCLC, but seems not to be a prognostic factor.
EN
Oxidative stress is one of several factors which contribute to the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was an assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumour and corresponding normal distal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Samples of tumour and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained during a resection of colorectal cancer from 47 patients aged between 26 and 82 years. The average distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were measured in tissue homogenates. The patients were grouped according to the tumour stage (Duke's staging), grading, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed. The activity of SOD and GPx was considerably increased, while the activity of GST decreased significantly in tumour as compared with normal mucosa. GR activity in colorectal cancer was evidently higher in tumours of proximal location compared with the distal ones. The distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was analyzed and related to all assayed parameters. A decreased GST activity was observed in corresponding normal mucosa more than 5 cm distant from the tumour in patients with CD Duke's stage. The higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in tumour compared to corresponding normal mucosa could indicate higher oxidative stress in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
EN
Introduction: Cleft lip/palate is one of the most common congenital malformations. In Poland, approximately 500 children with an orofacial cleft are born every year. Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in periodontal tissue remodelling and degradation. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MMP2 gene may affect transcription and activity of the protein produced by this gene. The aim of the study was to examine 1306 C/T MMP2 gene promoter polymorphisms in the group of children with cleft lip/palate and in the control group as well as to determine the frequency of individual genotypes in different types of orofacial clefts. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the group of 150 children with cleft lip/palate and 102 children without an orofacial cleft. Genomic DNA was obtained from oral mucosa epithelium. The MMP2 gene promoter polymorphism was genotyped by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. Results: There are no significant differences in the frequency of individual alleles in different types of orofacial clefts. The occurrence of the CC genotype was significantly higher in the group with cleft lip and palate than in the healthy group (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Determining the polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase gene promoter sequence can contribute to the elucidation of cleft lip/palate aetiopathogenesis.
PL
Wstęp: Rozszczep wargi górnej i/lub podniebienia jest jedną z najczęściej występujących wad rozwojowych. W Polsce każdego roku przychodzi na świat około 500 dzieci z rozszczepem w okolicy twarzoczaszki. W proces tworzenia struktur twarzoczaszki zaangażowane są metaloproteinazy macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej, odpowiedzialne za przebudowę i degradację podłoża łącznotkankowego. Polimorfizm w regionie promotorowym genu kodującego MMP2 może mieć wpływ na efektywność transkrypcji, a tym samym na aktywność produktu białkowego tego genu. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena polimorfizmu 1306 C/T promotora genu MMP2 w grupie dzieci z rozszczepem wargi i/lub podniebienia oraz w grupie kontrolnej, a także ocena częstości występowania poszczególnych genotypów w różnych typach rozszczepów. Materiał i metoda: Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 150 dzieci z rozpoznanym rozszczepem wargi i/lub podniebienia oraz w grupie 102 dzieci bez wady rozszczepowej twarzoczaszki. Genomowe DNA uzyskano z komórek nabłonkowych błony śluzowej jamy ustnej. Polimorfizm promotora genu MMP2 oznaczono metodą tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. Wyniki: Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w częstości występowania poszczególnych alleli w różnych typach rozszczepów. Częstość występowania genotypu CC w grupie dzieci z rozszczepem wargi i podniebienia była znacząco wyższa w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną (p = 0,005). Wniosek: Określenie polimorfizmu sekwencji promotorowych genów kodujących metaloproteinazy macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej może przyczynić się do wyjaśnienia etiopatogenezy rozszczepu wargi i/lub podniebienia.
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