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1

Spontaneous petit mal-like epileptic seizures in the laboratory rat: an issue that the experimenter should be aware of

100%
Gralewicz S.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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2002
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vol. 56
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issue 3
341-351
EN
A certain proportion of laboratory rats of various strains is characterized with a heritable abnormally high propensity for spontaneous, nonconvulsive electrocortical seizures. The seizures have form of bursts of spike-wave discharges (SWD) reminiscent of the human petit-mal epilepsy. The experimenter is usually unaware of this fact. The paper concerns the question of reliability of results obtained on rats samples derived from populations nonhomogenous with respect to the high propensity for SWD seizures.
2
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Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine induced by a single i.p. dose of oxotremorine in the rat

100%
Gralewicz S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2002
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vol. 62
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issue 2
93-98
EN
Earlier experiments have revealed that rats treated with a single dose of chlorphenvinphos (CVP), an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, are hyposensitive to amphetamine (AMPH) given three weeks after CVP. Exposure to CVP results in an excess of acetylcholine with subsequent overactivation of the nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors. The purpose of the present experiment was to find out whether a selective activation of muscarinic receptors could induce behavioral hyposensitivity to AMPH. To attain this purpose, male rats were pretreated once with 0. 00, 0.135, 0.27 or 0.55 mg/kg of oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist, and challenged 15 days later with 1.0 mg/kg dose of AMPH. The pre- and postinjection open-field behavior of the rats was tested with the use of a computerized set of activity meters. The testing revealed that in oxotremorine pretreated animals the behavioral response to AMPH, i.e. increase in the ambulatory activity, was not diminished but, to the contrary, it was augmented. This effect was dose-dependent, being most pronounced in rats given the 0.55 mg/kg of oxotremorine. The possible cause of the difference between the effect of CVP and oxotremorine is discussed.
3
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The influence of repeated systemic penicillin injections at subconvulsive doses on spontaneous Spike-Wave Discharges in the rat

64%
Stankiewicz J., Gralewicz S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
673-681
EN
Changes in nonconvulsive spontaneous epileptic activity- Spike-Wave Discharges (SWD) - induced by repeated intraperitoneal (i.P.) administration of crystaline panicillin (CP) at subconvulsive doses were evaluated in imp-DAK rats.Three groups received tan daily i.p.injections of PC at doses of 750.000, 500.000 and 250.000 IU/kg b.w..For comparison, another classic convulsant, penetylenetrazol (PTZ) was applied in the same way to another group.PTZ was also given in CNS excitability.Repeated PC injections resulted in a progressive increase in the basal level of the spontaneous SWD activity and in increase in the SWD response to PC, which was statistically significant in the case of the dose 750.000 IU/kg b.w..Moreover, in all rats given PC the response to PTZ (increase in SWD activity) was reduced.The results obtained in this and previous experiment suggest that in the rat CNS develop which prevent to convulsive effect of Pc but promote the occurence of the spontaneous nonconvulsive SWD activity.
4
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Spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and their relation to behaviour

51%
Gralewicz S., Wiaderna D., Stetkiewicz J., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 3
323-332
EN
A certain proportion of laboratory rats of various strains show spontaneous nonconvulsive ECoG seizures in the form of bursts of spike-and-wave discharges (SWD). Since in the majority of behavioural experiments the EEG is not controlled, the experimenter is usually unaware of this fact. The purpose of the present work was to find out whether the SWD trait is related to the rats behavioural performance in selected test situations. The experiment was performed on two groups of male Wistar rats, outbreds, aged six (group 6M, n = 17) and 24 months (group 24M, n = 14). First, in both groups the following forms of behaviour were assessed: (1) seeking water reward in an 8-arm radial maze, (2) exploration of a new object, (3) inhibition of a locomotor response (passive avoidance), and (4) paw-lick response to a thermal stimulus (54.5oC) applied to the feet before and after intermittent footshock. The rats were then implanted with intrabrain electrodes and the level of SWD activity was assessed. Rats of the 24M group, compared with those of the 6M one, showed a significantly shorter exploratory response to a new object and diminished responsiveness to heat. The groups did not differ, however, in passive avoidance and radial maze performance. The analysis of 3-h ECoG sections revealed SWD bursts in 73% and nearly 93% of rats from groups 6M and 24M, respectively. The groups did not differ in the number of bursts or in the total duration of SWD activity. A correlation analysis of pooled data from both groups revealed that the exploration time of a new object was significantly (negatively) correlated with the number of SWD episodes. The total duration of SWD activity, and the number of perseveration errors in the radial maze, was significantly (positively) correlated with the total duration of SWD activity. The results suggest that SWD rats are behaviourally impaired in some test situations.
5
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Effects of repeated systemic penicillin injections on nonconvulsive and convulsive epileptic seizures in the rat

51%
Stankiewicz J., Stankiewicz M., Wiaderna-Stepien D., Gralewicz S.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1995
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vol. 55
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issue 4
281-287
6
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Hyposensitivity to amphetamine following exposure to chlorphenvinphos - protection by amphetamine preexposure

51%
Gralewicz S., Lutz P., Szymczak W.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2000
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vol. 60
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issue 2
203-207
EN
We investigated the effect of an acute exposure to chlorphenvinphos (CVP), an organophosphate anticholinesterase, on amphetamine-induced open-field locomotion in rats. CVP was administered in a single i.p. dose of 1.0 mg/kg (1/10 of the LD50). All animals were challenged with 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine (AMPH) three weeks after the CVP exposure, i.e. after a time sufficient for acetylcholinesterase recovery. Some rats were also given AMPH three weeks before the CVP exposure. In rats challenged with AMPH only once after the CVP exposure, AMPH- induced open-field locomotion was significantly reduced. Such an effect was not observed in rats given AMPH three weeks before the CVP exposure. The results suggest that a single CVP exposure may result in persistent dopaminergic hyposensitivity, and that an amphetamine pretreatment may protect the rat against this effect.
7
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Spontaneous seizure electrocortical activity in rats: relation to arousal level

51%
Gralewicz S., Luczak C., Tomas T., Wiaderna D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1994
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vol. 54
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issue 1
19-31
8
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Behavioural responsiveness to amphetamine or scopolamine following repeated exposure to chlorphenvinphos in rats

51%
Gralewicz S., Lutz P., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2002
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vol. 62
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issue 2
75-83
EN
A number of reports indicate that exposure to organophosphates (OPs), inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), may result in long-lasting neurobehavioural alterations suggestive of an increased cholinergic tone. It is known that rats with cholinergic hyperreactivity are behaviourally hyposensitive to cholinergic antagonists and dopaminergic agonists.The purpose of the present study was to find out whether a similar trait would develop in rats exposed to chlorphenvinphos (CVP), an OP pesticide, in the past. The rats were given ten daily i.p. injections of CVP at doses of 0.5 mg/kg (group P-0.5) or 1.0 mg/kg (group P-1.0). The locomotion stimulating effect of i.p. injection of 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine (AMPH), or 0.7 mg/kg scopolamine (SCOP), was assessed on postexposure day 21 (group P-0.5) or 42 (group P-1.0), i.e. after a time sufficient for AChE recovery. The assessment revealed that in group P-1.0 the behavioural response to AMPH and SCOP was significantly depressed. In rats of the P-0.5 group, however, the behavioural response to each of the drugs was increased. The results suggest that, depending on the exposure level, contrasting alterations in some neurotransmitter systems may be induced by repeated exposure to CVP.
9
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Development of the age-related spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and exposure to a model neurotoxin

51%
Gralewicz S., Luczak C., Wiaderna D., Tomas T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1995
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vol. 55
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issue 1
65-71
EN
In laboratory rats an epileptic-like spontanous neocortical activity in the form of bursts of spike and wave discharges (SWD) develops gradually with age. High incidence of the SWD episodes is accopanied by the other indices characteristic of advanced age:memory disturbances and atropic changes within basal forebrain structures.Accordingly ,it has been proposed that the number and duration of the SWD episodes be regarded as a diagnostic marker to distinquish between young and old brains. It is suspected that exposure to neurotoxins may accelerate the progress of age-related neurodegeneration by predisposing neurons to premature death and thus hasten the appearance of age-related functional deficits. Analysing the development of SWD activity in exposed rats may be helpful for an assesment of the potency of the neurotoxin under study to exert such an effect.In the present work the influence of a three-month exposure to a model neurotoxin, ethanol (ETOH), on the development of the SWD in imp-DAK rats was investigated.It has been found that in rats given 10 solution as the only drink for three months, the incidence of the SWD episodes increased merkedly.The increase was most clearly seen after ETOH withdrawal and on the 90th day after exposure no tendency to decline could be observed.The obtained data indicate that exposure to exogenous substances may exert a distinquishable long-lasting influence on the development of the SWD activity.
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