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Vaccination in children with cancer: a debate

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Battista A., Ruggiero A., Coccia P., Arena R., Attinà G., Riccardi R.
Open Medicine
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 2
137-141
EN
Children with malignancy present an important alteration of the immune system functionality caused by the illness itself and by the therapy they undergo. Therefore, they are at high risk of contracting vaccine-preventable diseases and of developing important complications. Vaccinations represent valid devices against these infections but this condition involves two main problems: are vaccines safe in these patients? Are vaccines effective in these patients? The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of vaccination management in children with cancer.
2
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The Neurofibromatosis type 1:A dominantly inherited tumors-predisposing disorder

100%
Scalzone M., Coccia P., Ruggiero A., Lazzareschi I., Mastrangelo S., Riccardi R.
Open Medicine
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2009
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vol. 4
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issue 1
11-16
EN
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a hereditary multisystem disease involving the skin and nervous system. It is the most common form of autosomal dominant phakomatoses with 100% penetrance but wide phenotypic variability. The NF1 gene is located on chromosome 17q11.2 and encodes for a tumour suppressor protein. Because affected individuals have an increased risk of tumor formation, this disorder is classified as inherited cancer syndrome. The risk of malignancies in NF1 affected patients is estimated to be 5–15% higher than in the general population. We reviewed clinical aspects and genetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis in NF1 affected patients.
3
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Assessment of chemotherapy-induced anemia in children with cancer

100%
Ruggiero A., Attinà G., Haber M., Coccia P., Lazzareschi I., Riccardi R.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
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issue 3
341-345
EN
Anemia is a common cause of co-morbidity in children with cancer. We reviewed a series of 124 children with non-metastatic cancer to assess the relationship between chemotherapy intensity, severe anemia, and frequency of transfusion. In more than 60% of children who received intensive chemotherapy, transfusions were prescribed compared to 38% and 21% of children treated with standard and mild chemotherapy, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that the intensity and duration of chemotherapy constitute important factors in determining the onset of anemia.
4
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Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children: predictive factors and outcome

84%
Coccia P., Ruggiero A., Attinà G., Cerchiara G., Battista A., Arena R., Scalzone M., Puma N., Ridola V., Riccardi R.
Open Medicine
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 4
525-528
EN
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in children. In 20% of cases, this condition is classified as chronic when the thrombocytopenia is persistent 6 months after diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to identify the potential factors correlating with a favorable outcome in patients with chronic ITP. Some 71 patients affected by ITP were retrospectively analyzed. Results show a higher rate of spontaneous recovery that is statistically significant for patients with platelet count at diagnosis <20,000/µL. These observations suggest the possibility to delay or avoid aggressive surgical treatment for these patients.
5
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Aplastic anaemia in childhood. Description of two cases and review of the literature

84%
Scalzone M., Coccia P., Maurizi P., Attinà G., Liotti L., Cefalo M., Ruggiero A., Riccardi R.
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EN
Childhood aplastic anaemia (AA) is an uncommon but potentially fatal haematological disorder. Patients with AA receive supportive care based on transfusions and timely treatment of opportunistic infections, along with specific therapies, which may be bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Early diagnosis and supportive therapy are required to prevent fatal complications like overwhelming sepsis or life threatening haemorrhages. We report two cases of aplastic anaemia having a different aetiology. The diagnostic work-up and the therapeutic management for each case are described below.
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