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Potential genotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins in Vicia and Pisum cytogenetic tests

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Packa D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

1998

vol. 39

issue 2

171-192

Several fusarial toxins (DAS, DON, FUS-X and MON) were assayed for their genotoxic activity with Vicia faba var. minor and Pisum sativum used as eukaryotic, whole-organism, test systems. Four concentrations: 1, 5, 10 and 20 ?g mL-1 were applied for 24 hours, and three fixing times: 24, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of the treatment. Nuclei and chromosomes in mitotic cells were stained by the Feulgen method. Generally, fusarial toxins in plant cells produced three types of effects: prevented proliferating cells from entering mitosis, caused mitotic alterations and were cytotoxic. Mitotic alterations included C-mitoses, a higher incidence of metaphases/anaphases, excessive condensation of chromosomes, multipolar spindles, disturbed anatelophases and micronuclei. Both type and range of each effect were related to plant species, toxin concentration and duration of the recovery period. The results obtained from our plant bioassays were compared with those reported from other assay systems.

Cytogenetic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on root tip cells of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor)

100%

Packa D.

vol. 38

issue 3

259-272

The effects of fusarial toxins: DAS, T 2, DON, 3 Ac DON, MON and ZEA, on actively dividing root tip cells of rye, wheat and field bean were investigated. Three concentrations: 1, 5 and 10 mg mL-1 were applied for 24 hours. Nuclei and chromosomes were stained using the Feulgens method. It has been found that trichothecene mycotoxins (DAS, T 2, DON, 3 Ac DON) had a profound effect on mitosis, as they decreased the mitotic index, produced excessive condensation of pro and metaphase chromosomes, C metaphases and C anaphases, and caused an accumulation of metaphases. The main effect of trichothecene mycotoxins, probably caused via their influence on protein synthesis, was abnormal functioning of the mitotic spindle.

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2 Journal of Applied Genetics

1 1998

1 1997

2 Packa D.

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Potential genotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins in Vicia and Pisum cytogenetic tests

Cytogenetic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on root tip cells of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor)