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Relationship between Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torques and Tissue Components in Young Men

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Pietraszewski B., Pietraszewska J., Burdukiewicz A.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 1
21-25
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the relationship between muscle torques in the knee joint area and components of tissue composition by means of the bioelectrical impedance method. Basic procedures. 31 male subjects, aged 22-23, participated in the study. Basic morphological parameters, namely: body height (BH), body mass (BM) and somatotype were measured by the usage of Sheldon method modified by Heath and Carter. The body composition was examined using an BIA 101S apparatus by Akern. Torques of the knee joint extensors and flexors of both limbs were measured for joint angles 75° and 30°, respectively. In the statistical report cluster analysis was applied (k-means). Step regression was applied in order to evaluate the relationship between muscle torques and tissue components. Main findings. A significant correlation (r = 0.42 for p ≤ 0.01) between the torques of the knee joint extensors and the entire content of lean body, its metabolically active components (BCM) and muscle mass was observed. Also, a high value of correlation coefficient between extensors and fat mass was noticed. Significant correlations between flexor torque and muscle mass, cell mass and lean body were observed. Conclusions. The results obtained enable us to conclude that the values of muscle torques are significantly connected with the level of development of the tissue components, thus its estimation may be based on the measurement of body components.
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Biomechanical Analysis of the Jump Shot in Basketball

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Struzik A., Pietraszewski B., Zawadzki J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 42
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issue 1
73-79
EN
Basketball players usually score points during the game using the jump shot. For this reason, the jump shot is considered to be the most important element of technique in basketball and requires a high level of performance. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during a jump shot without the ball and a countermovement jump without an arm swing. The differences between variables provide information about the potential that an athlete can utilise during a game when performing a jump shot. The study was conducted among 20 second-league basketball players by means of a Kistler force plate and the BTS SMART system for motion analysis. The variables measured included the take-off time, mean power, peak power, relative mean power, jump height, maximum landing force and calculated impact ratio. Surprisingly, more advantageous variables were found for the jump shot. This finding suggests a very high performance level in the jump shot in the studied group and a maximum utilisation of their motor abilities. Both types of jumps were characterised by high mean and peak power values and average heights. The high forces at landing, which result in considerable impact ratios, may have prompted the studied group to land softly. Use of the countermovement jump without an arm swing is recommended to assess and predict the progression of player’s jumping ability
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Accuracy of Replicating Static Torque and its Effect on Shooting Accuracy in Young Basketball Players

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Struzik A., Rokita A., Pietraszewski B., Popowczak M.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 4
216-220
EN
Purpose. Accurate shooting in basketball is a prerequisite for success. Coordination ability, one of the abilities that determine the repeatability of accurate shooting, is based on kinesthetic differentiation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strength component of kinesthetic differentiation ability and determine its relationship with shooting accuracy. Methods. Peak muscle torque of the elbow extensors under static conditions was measured in 12 young basketball players. Participants then reproduced the same movement at a perceived magnitude of 25%, 50%, and 75% of static peak torque, with error scores calculated as a measure of kinesthetic differentiation. The results were compared with players’ field goal percentages calculated during game play in a regional championship. Results. No statistically significant relationships were found between the level of kinesthetic differentiation ability and field goal percentage. Additionally, no upper limb asymmetry was found in the sample. Conclusions. The relatively high levels of elbow static peak torque suggest the importance of upper limb strength in contemporary basketball. The lack of a statistically significant difference between the right and left limbs decreases the risk of suffering injury. It is likely that choosing other suitable tests would demonstrate the relationships between field goal percentage and kinesthetic differentiation ability.
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