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Asymmetry of Complex Reaction Time in Female Épée Fencers of Different Sports Classes

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Poliszczuk T., Poliszczuk D., Da̧browska-Perzyna A., Johne M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 1
25-29
EN
Introduction. The issue of asymmetry is becoming more and more widespread, causing considerable difficulties for sportspersons. The aim of this study was to assess dynamic asymmetry of complex reaction time in female épée fencers from different sports classes. Material and methods. Study participants comprised 45 female fencers divided into 3 groups. The RT-S5 test of the Vienna Test System was used to record reaction time and motor time in response to visual and audiovisual stimuli. Conclusions. The study found differences in complex reaction time between fencers of different sports classes. Champion-class fencers showed a very high dynamic asymmetry. Considerable differences in complex reaction time were found depending on the type of stimulus involved.
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Visual Perception And Its Effect On Reaction Time And Time-Movement Anticipation In Elite Female Basketball Players

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Mańkowska M., Poliszczuk T., Poliszczuk D., Johne M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
3-8
EN
Introduction. The efficient collection and analysis of information from both the central and the peripheral field of vision may affect human coordination motor abilities. An analysis of the literature on the subject suggests that coordination motor abilities interact with one another, and it is only their combined effect that allows athletes to achieve technical mastery. The main aim of the study was to assess specific coordination motor abilities and to determine how visual perception and reaction time correlate with time-movement anticipation in elite female basketball players. Material and methods. The study participants comprised 17 female basketball players from the Polish National Team aged 18.1 ± 0.8 years. The study involved three ability tests from the Vienna Test System: the Reaction Test (RT, S1), the Peripheral Perception test (PP), and the Time/Movement Anticipation test (ZBA, S2). Results. The analysis of the results obtained proves that the best-developed ability in participants is reaction time, while the other abilities show average development. Study participants were able to develop their response abilities to such high levels by means of practice. A correlation coefficient was found between motor time and tracking deviation (r=0.56), and between time anticipation and the number of correct responses to stimuli appearing in the left (r=0.92) and right (r=0.88) field of vision. Athletes who achieved better results in time anticipation omitted fewer visual stimuli (r=0.7) in the peripheral field of vision. Statistically significant correlations were observed between movement anticipation and reaction time to stimuli in the central field of vision (r=0.58). Conclusions. Perception abilities have a significant effect on time anticipation. The range of one's field of vision does not determine the reaction time to a visual stimulus. Perception efficiency and divided attention, in conjunction with time and movement anticipation, create a complex of specific psychomotor abilities that is indispensable for achieving success in team sports.
3
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Changes in Somatic Parameters and Dynamic Balance in Female Rhythmic Gymnasts Over a Space of Two Years

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Poliszczuk T., Broda D., Poliszczuk D.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 4
240-245
EN
Introduction. Body build and the ability to maintain balance play an important role in the development and improvement of specialised motor habits and complex technical elements necessary to achieve significant sporting results in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the level of ability to maintain dynamic balance and in the construction of somatic young female rhythmic gymnasts during a period of two year training. Material and methods. The research material consisted of 13 girls. When the first measurements were taken gymnasts were aged 7 - 12 years. In the study we utilised posturography and the Heath-Carter Anthropometric Somatotype Method. The analysis of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in the values of the dynamic balance indicators of the gymnasts' bodies in all three consecutive measurements over a course of years. Results and conclusions. It was noted that as the young gymnasts progressed in their training, their ability to maintain dynamic balanced increased. Based on the characteristics of the model, we developed an exemplary set of dynamic balance of rhythmic gymnasts. The somatotype of the tested athletes surveyed had been changing in the direction of increase in the proportion of components of endomorphy and mesomorphy. The balance ability of rhythmic gymnasts stabilised during their puberty associated with changes in body proportions ratio i.e.: height, weight and somatotype. The results and conclusions drawn can be an important part of selection and choice and can be used to control the dynamic balance in rhythmic gymnastics.
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