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  1. 2 Biotechnologia

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  1. 1 2004

  2. 1 2001

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  1. 2 Nowakowska J.

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1

Genetically modified trees in the forestry ? benefits and risks

100%
Nowakowska J.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 3
78-86
EN
In forestry, genetic engineering is used to produce new varieties of trees which have valuable traits such as increased herbicide-tolerance, pathogen- and herbivore-resistance and high quality of wood. The developed research methods consisting of gene-engineering and transformation of the forest tree species via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or particle bombardment techniques opened a new field in forest genetics. Genetic modification as well as conventional breeding techniques seek for genetic improvement of forest tree species in order to make them more productive under certain environmental conditions. In contrast to traditional breeding based on natural variation of plant phenotype, in genetic modification technologies the genes controlling desired traits are isolated, their DNA sequences are determined, and recombinant genes are reintroduced into plant cells. Plantations of genetically modified trees require some environmental protection measures in order to prevent any cross-pollination in open field. Possible benefits of transgenic trees are associated with increasing economic efficiency of forestry, and they can provide important environmental benefit such as reduced use of pesticides or less pressure on native forests as wood, fibre and energy suplier.
2

Germin genes expression induced by stress factors in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi)

100%
Nowakowska J.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
152-164
EN
Wheat germin, a glycoprotein mainly localized in the cell wall of monocots, dicots and pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet), is a specific marker of the onset of growth in germinating seeds. There are two genes gf-2.8 and gf-3.8 of germin, isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum). Because of their structure and biochemistry, both of the germin's isoforms have been now assimilated to the oxalate-oxidase enzyme (E.C. 1.2.3.4). Several constructs of the gf-2.8 and gf-3.8 genes promoters deletion were fused with uidA gene and tested for the GUS activity in the transgenic tobacco plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether some environmental factors induce the activity of germin. Hormonal treatment (auxins 2,4-D, NAA, gibberellin GA3), salt treatment, salicylic acid, heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, As) and A1 induced high GUS activity in root apex, cotyledons and hypocotyls in transgenic seedlings and in leaves of the tobacco plants transformed with the entire and one partially deleted construct of the gf-2.8 gene. Neither cold nor heat shock, enhanced significant GUS activity. The gf-3.8 - GUS constructs of germin did not give a positive response to any factors mentioned above. Thus, only the gf-2.8 protein seems to be regulated by some factors. The gf-2.8 oxalate-oxidase activity could be then involved in general stress-induced signalling in higher plants
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