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EN
The discovery of RNA interference caused a revival of the concept of short nucleic acids application as molecular tools for therapeutic control of gene expression. After almost a decade of intensive research by leading pharmaceutical companies, there is only a limited number of clinical trials of synthetic siRNAs. In this review, we shall summarize the present status of knowledge of RNAi mechanism of action and discuss the potential of the use of siRNA in theraphy. We shall also provide data on recent achievements in current clinical trials based on RNAi techniques.
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2007
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issue 1
63-76
EN
Since 1985, nitrile hydratases, metallo-enzymes present in bacteria from genus Rhodococcous, have been used for industrial production of acrylamide and related chemicals. The unique active site of both Fe- and Co-nitrile hydratases contains oxidized cysteines. Despite many efforts, details of the catalytic mechanism of activity and high selectivity remain unknown. Molecular structures, possible routes of hydration and prospects for applications of these photoactive enzymes in nanotechnology are discussed in this review.
EN
The airfoils of single-crystalline turbine blades were studied. The blades made of industrial CMSX-4 superalloy were obtained by the Bridgman technique. Five different withdrawal rates (1-5 mm/min) were used. Series of as-cast samples were prepared by cutting the airfoils at different distances from the blade root. The metallographic sections, prepared for each cutting planes, were subjected to scanning electron microscopy observations and Laue diffraction studies. Macrostructure images of whole area of airfoil cross-sections were obtained by stitching several obtained SEM images. Morphology of dendrites in different area of cross-sections were analysed. The crystal orientation of each sample were determined by analysis of Laue pattern. It was found that the morphology of dendrites changes in the area, where the dendrite growth is limited by inclined mould walls.
EN
In the paper turbine blades made from single crystal CMSX-4 superalloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction methods (topography, Ω-scan mapping) complemented by scanning electron microscopy observations. By the X-ray diffraction topography method several misorientation defects were visualized as well as dendrites arrangement. It was discussed that tip of the airfoil and thin walled area of the turbine blades located near the trailing edge can accumulate more growth defects than other airfoil part, due to the complex shape of the mould.
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