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EN
Background. This work concerns a little-known problem which is the effect of cold on the behaviour of blood pressure and changes in temperature of a cooled part of the body in pregnant women. Material and methods. The experiment involved a total of 38 young women divided into three groups: women without pregnancy-induced hypertension (group I), women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (group II), and women who were not pregnant (group III). The study used the cold pressor test (CPT) devised by Hines and Brown, accompanied by a thermal imaging test. Results. The cold pressor test resulted in increased systolic and diastolic pressure in each of the studied groups. The largest difference in systolic pressure values before and after the CPT occurred in the subjects from group II. In this group, after the test, the values of diastolic blood pressure as well as the temperature drop in the tested hand, both on the palmar and dorsal side, were also the highest. The cooling of one hand also caused a drop in temperature of the uncooled hand, much smaller in the group of pregnant women compared to the group of non-pregnant subjects. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the need for further research towards a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the reactions of pregnant women to temperature stimuli.
PL
Wstęp. Przedstawiona praca dotyczy mało znanego problemu, jakim jest wpływ zimna na zachowanie się ciśnienia krwi oraz zmiany w temperaturze ochładzanej części ciała u kobiet w ciąży. Materiał i metody. W eksperymencie brało łącznie udział 38 młodych kobiet, podzielonych na trzy grupy: kobiety bez nadciśnienia indukowanego ciążą (grupa I), kobiety z nadciśnieniem indukowanym ciążą (grupa II), kobiety niebędące w ciąży (grupa III). W badaniu wykorzystano test oziębieniowy Hinesa-Browna (CPT), uzupełniony o badanie termowizyjne. Wyniki. Zastosowanie próby CPT spowodowało wzrost ciśnienia skurczowego i rozkurczowego w każdej z badanych grup. Największa różnica wartości ciśnienia skurczowego przed i po zastosowaniu testu CPT wystąpiła u kobiet z grupy II. W grupie tej najwyższe były też wartości ciśnienia rozkurczowego krwi po zastosowaniu testu CPT oraz największy spadek temperatury w ręce badanej, zarówno po stronie dłoniowej jak i grzbietowej. Oziębienie jednej ręki spowodowało również spadek temperatury ręki niechłodzonej, znacznie mniejszy w grupie kobiet ciężarnych w porównaniu do grupy nieciężarnych studentek. Wnioski. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na konieczność prowadzenia dalszych badań w kierunku lepszego zrozumienia mechanizmów związanych z reakcjami kobiet w ciąży na bodźce temperaturowe.
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 4
299-304
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in body surface temperature after a cryostimulation session in women of two different age groups. Methods. The study included 21 female university students aged 21 ± 1.8 years and 15 middle-aged women aged 57.8 ± 3.6 years. All participants were subjected to the effects of extreme low temperature in a cryogenic chamber at -120˚C for 3 min. Body surface temperature measures were taken before and immediately after treatment by a thermal imaging camera. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the captured thermographic images was performed for 12 anterior and posterior body areas in the standing position. Results. Differences in body surface temperature were found between both age groups prior to the cryostimulation treatment. Temperatures ranged from 29.55° C to 33.49° C in the younger group and 30.45° C and 32.70° C in the older group for the same body areas. Lower temperatures were observed in the older subject group for all analysed areas. After cryostimulation, greater body cooling was observed in the younger group particularly in the lower limbs. The greatest temperature reduction in both groups was observed in the lower limbs, dropping a maximum of 6.31° C, whereas the lowest variation in temperature was observed in the shoulder area by approximately 2° C. Conclusions. The results of the study showed varied distribution of body surface temperature in both age groups. Lower temperatures of the trunk and shoulders were observed in older women compared with the younger women. Greater body cooling following cryostimulation was observed in the group of younger women particularly in the area of the lower limbs.
EN
Nordic walking and water aerobics are very popular forms of physical activity in the elderly population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of regular health training on the venous blood flow in lower extremities and body composition in women over 50 years old. Twenty-four women of mean age 57.9 (± 3.43) years, randomly divided into three groups (Nordic walking, water aerobics, and non-training), participated in the study. The training lasted 8 weeks, with one-hour sessions twice a week. Dietary habits were not changed. Before and after training vein refilling time and the function of the venous pump of the lower extremities were measured by photoplethysmography. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Eight weeks of Nordic walking training improved the venous blood flow in lower extremities and normalized body composition in the direction of reducing chronic venous disorder risk factors. The average values of the refilling time variable (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively) decreased in both the right and the left leg. After training a statistically significant increase in the venous pump function index was found only in the right leg (p = 0.04). A significant increase in fat-free mass, body cell mass and total body water was observed (p = 0.01), whereas body mass, the body mass index, and body fat decreased (p < 0.03). With regard to water aerobic training, no similar changes in the functions of the venous system or body composition were observed.
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