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1

50 years of studies of restriction ? modification systems

100%
Waleron K., Nakonieczna J., Waleron M., Podhajska A. J.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
65-88
EN
The basic function of restriction endonucleases and methyltransferases is protection of the host genome against foreign DNA. Their recombination and transposition related functions are still being discussed. Some authors postulate that R-M genes may act as selfish genetic elements. Restriction endonucleases are indispensable tools in molecular biology. As these enzymes recognize DNA sequence very specifically, they serve as a model for protein-DNA interaction. Restriction-modification genes have also played the same role as a model for evolutionary studies as well as protein structure - function relations. So far, there have been more than 3500 bacterial strains studied which possessed R-M genes of more than 280 different specificities towards recognition sequence and cleavage sites. They became a very good commercial product for many biotechnological companies. At present, in a genome sequencing era, R-M genes seem to be much more common than it was thought before.
2

Thiol?activated hemolysins as virulence markers of bacteria

88%
Szramka B., Kurlenda K. J., Kurlenda J., Podhajska P. A. J., Podhajska A. J.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
152-168
EN
The article contains information regarding the similarities and differences between proteins of the thiol-activated cytolysins family (TACY). Members of this group of haemolysins are produced by several species of Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp.,) and also by Gram-negative Klebsiella spp.. Their cytolytic activity is sensitive to oxygen and can be restored by adding reducing compounds. TACY bind to cholesterol-containing membranes to form pores. Preincubation of the toxin with small amounts of cholesterol inhibits hemolytic activity as well as cytolysis of eucaryotic cells. Members of the group show 40-70% similarity in amino acid sequence, and contain an almost invariant Trp-rich undecapeptide sequence (ECTGLAWEWWR). The TACY are important virulence factors. Recently increased use has been made of molecular methods (PCR, hybridization) in the detection and identification of the TACY producing bacteria.
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