The production of Δ0(1232)-resonances in p+12C collisions at 4.2 GeV/c was analyzed with 4π acceptance. The mass distribution of Δ0(1232) was reconstructed using an angular criterion. The fraction of charged π −-mesons coming from Δ0(1232) decay was estimated and compared to those obtained in earlier works. The momentum, transverse momentum, kinetic energy, and rapidity distributions as well as invariant cross sections of Δ0(1232)-resonances were reconstructed in the laboratory frame. The mean kinematical characteristics of the reconstructed Δ0(1232) were compared to those of participant protons in experiment and within some of the models. The freeze-out temperature of Δ0(1232) estimated in the present analysis was compared with those obtained using different methods for Δ(1232) produced with other sets of colliding nuclei at various incident energies. The relative number of nucleons excited to Δ0 (1232) at freeze-out conditions in p+12C collisions was estimated.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity that develops during pregnancy. Recent studies indicate that GDM onset is rapid, and that women with GDM will develop other metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in their future. Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) is engaged in the insulin signaling pathway and encoded protein is an important activator of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. Based on the previously reported association between the STK11 gene and diabetes, we aimed to investigate whether the rs8111699 polymorphism in STK11 has any role in gestation diabetes in Saudi women. In this case-control study, we recruited pregnant Saudi women based on biochemical analysis of their blood samples. Genomic DNA was obtained from confirmed subjects (200 GDM cases and 300 non-GDM). PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the C528G polymorphism in the STK11 gene. The anthropometric and clinical data were similar between the GDM and non-GDM subjects (p > 0.05), whereas the biochemical analysis was significantly different between the cases and controls (p < 0.05). The genotype and allele frequencies between of the STK11 gene were not statistically significant difference between the GDM and non-GDM groups (OR=0.82; 95% CI:=0.6-1.0; p=0.12). Our study suggests that the rs8111699 polymorphism has no role in the development of GDM in pregnant Saudi women.
The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 2 (UBE2E2) gene plays an important role in insulin synthesis and secretion under conditions in which stress to the endoplasmic reticulum is increased in β-cells. In this case-control study, we have selected rs7612462 polymorphism within UBE2E2 gene to identify in a Saudi population the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. In total, 376 subjects with T2DM and 380 controls were enrolled in this study. We have collected 5 mL of peripheral blood from each participant for biochemical and molecular analyses. PCR-RFLP was used to generate genotypes at rs7612462 in all of the study subjects. Clinical data and anthropometric measurements of the patients were significantly different from those of the controls (p<0.05). All of the subjects used in this study were non-obese (25
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by elevated cholesterol and based on biochemical, clinical, and genetic studies and FH disease, which was documented even with limited mutations. Earlier studies focused on Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in variable diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the genetic association between FH disease and ApoE gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) in the Saudi population. This case-control study was a hospital-based study performed in Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and four subjects in total were recruited and consisted of FH participants (n=104) and the controls (n=100). Common polymorphisms of ApoE gene (rs429358 and rs7412) were chosen and subjected to the genotyping using the TaqMan assay. Moreover, the ApoE risk allele E4 was proved significantly associated with FH cases when compared with controls (OR-2.24 (95%CI: 1.06-4.70); p=0.02). Lipid profile parameters were significantly associated (p<0.05); however, the ApoE alleles and lipid profiles were not correlated (p>0.05). In conclusion, the FH case-control study was associated with the E4 allele in the Saudi population. However, E4 allele was appeared as a reliable risk marker for lipid profiles, but not for ApoE alleles.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by genetic defects involving the low density lipoprotein-receptor (LDL-R), predisposing affected people to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death. The aim of the present study was to assess certain exons in the LDLR gene mutation detection analysis affecting in the Saudi population with FH. This case-control study was carried out with 200 subjects; 100 were FH cases and 100 were healthy controls. Five mL of venous blood samples were collected from all the subjects and used for biochemical and genetic analysis. DNA was extracted from 2 mL of the EDTA samples, and precise primers were designed for LDL-R gene which includes Exon 3, 4 and 8. PCR was followed by DNA sequencing. In our study, we found 25 mutations in cases in Exon-3 and 2 mutations in controls, however, we have found only 5 mutations in exon 4 and none of the mutations were identified in exon 8. We conclude that screening of FH among Saudi population is very important to identify individuals who are prone to develop the disease.
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