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Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) – biological activity

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MUSZYŃSKA B., PAZDUR P., LAZUR J., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2017
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vol. 28
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issue 108
189-195
EN
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (shiitake) is a species with medicinal properties that is used primarily in traditional medicine, but also in conventional oncology treatment. The first records of Lentinula edodes cultivation reach back to China under the Song dynast (960-1127). The Japanese adopted the Chinese technique of shiitake cultivation, thus becoming its main producer. Currently, shiitake is used in the treatment of lifestyle diseases. Polysaccharides contained in this species strengthen the immune system, eliminate side effects of chemo and radiotherapy and have strong antitumor, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The year 1972 saw a discovery of substances with anti-atherosclerotic effects, with the most important being eritadenine (2 (R), 3 (R)-dihydroxy-4 – (9-adanyl) butyric acid) and statin – lovastatin. L. edodes is of interest to researchers due to its content of therapeutic compounds. These substances have antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects.
2
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Tricholoma equestre species as a source of indole compounds and zinc released into artificial digestive juices

88%
KAŁA K., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., ROJOWSKI J., OPOKA W., MUSZYŃSKA B.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2016
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vol. 27
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issue 106
35-39
EN
The research goals of presented work consisted of determination of zinc and indole compounds that are released into artificial digestive juices from Tricholoma equestre species. During the experiment freeze-dried samples of wild growing fruiting bodies and mycelia from in vitro cultures from liquid Oddoux medium were extracted to artificial digestive juices (saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice). In the next step the determination of examined compounds was done by RP-HPLC for indole compounds and DP ASV for zinc. Furthermore it was decided to check weather this species has any beneficial properties for health. The extraction of researched material in conditions imitating human digestive tract allows determination of true amounts of elements released to artificial digestive juices and their beneficial influence (a specially designed and constructed apparatus Gastroel-2014 was applied). The indole compound with the highest quantity was 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, both in fruiting bodies and in biomass from in vitro cultures of T. equestre (up to 352.47 mg/100 g d.w.). Serotonin and L-tryptophan was determined in all analysed samples, but their amounts were significantly lower than the ones found for 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. The amounts of zinc on the other hand showed that the biggest concentration of zinc can be obtained for fruiting bodies and biomass from in vitro cultures to both artificial saliva and gastric juice after 120 minutes of digestion (6.83 14.4 mg/100 g d.w. retrospectively) in conditions that imitate human digestive track.
3
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Mycosteroles — characteristics and biological iMportance

88%
SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., HAŁASZUK P., MASTEJ M., PIECHACZEK M., MUSZYŃSKA B.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2016
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vol. 27
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issue 106
26-34
EN
A group of natural sterols isolated from mushrooms are mycosterols, of which derivatives the most interesting is ergosterol (5,7,22-ergostatrien-3β-ol) and its peroxide, which are presented in the fruiting bodies of most of the representatives of the Basidiomycota taxon. Mushroom sterols are synthesized in a similar way, but the reaction sequence, which is squalene metabolism and the stereochemistry of the major products are different. As with many derivatives of isoprene, the basic unit of the synthesis of sterols is isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which in turn is synthesized from acetyl-CoA by alternately pass away of mevalonic acid. Mycosteroles, they are considered beneficial compounds that have health promoting effects. It has been proven their ability to lower serum cholesterol, may also be effective in the prevention of certain types of cancer. Ergosterol, which is common in mushrooms, as peroxidation products thereof, also exhibits many beneficial effects. It may have the potential health benefits and influence on the improvement of essential physiological functions of human body, including reduced pain associated with the activity of inflammation, reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) and lowering cholesterol levels. It also has antioxidant properties and inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria.
4
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EDIBLE MUSHROOMS IN PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN DISEASES

76%
MUSZYNSKA B., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., ŁOJEWSKI M., OPOKA W., ZAJĄC M., ROJOWSKI J.
Medicina Internacia Revuo
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2013
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vol. 25
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issue 101
170-183
EN
In recent years an increase in the consumption of edible mushrooms has been observed. In many countries mushrooms have been a popular delicacy, as they add flavor and texture to a meal. Mushrooms are able to accumulate both primary and secondary metabolites. Some of them may play an antioxidant role, e.g. phenolic and indole compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, ascorbic acid, ergothioneine and carotenoids and are a source of elements, e.g. selenium. Indole compounds fulfill the role of neurotransmitters or their precursors, exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions, regulate the diurnal cycle in humans and take part in blood coagulation. Biologically and therapeutically active metabolites of fungi are used to treat such serious diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. The intake of mushrooms clearly has a cholesterol-lowering effect or hypocholesterolemic effect by different mechanisms such as decreasing VLDL, improving lipid metabolism, inhibiting of activity of HMG-CoA reductase, and consequently preventing the development of atherosclerosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds occurring in mushrooms also may contribute to reduce the atherosclerosis risk.
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