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vol. 95
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issue 5
859-867
EN
Nonlinear effects in optical fibres play an important role for transmission parameters in wavelength-division multiplexed telecommunication systems. Those effects cause an additional attenuation, distortion and inter-channel interference of the multi-wavelength optical signal. Therefore, it is important to optimise inter-channel wavelength span in a wavelength-division multiplexed system, and also the optical power and transmission bit-rate. Another drawback is a limitation of the number of the transmitted optical channels and network nodes. The paper reports the results of the analysis and computer simulations of the wavelength-division multiplexed transmission through fibre link in a presence of nonlinear effects: self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, Raman scattering, four-wave mixing. The analysis enables network designers to evaluate the system performance and to optimise transmission parameters.
EN
Normalized quantum Stokes operators introduced in Phys. Rev. A 95, 042113 (2017) enable one to better observe non-classical correlations of entangled states of optical fields with undefined photon numbers. For a given run of an experiment the new quantum Stokes operators are defined by the differences of the measured intensities (or photon numbers) at the exits of a polarizer divided by their sum. It is this ratio that is to be averaged, and not the numerator and the denominator separately, as it is in the conventional approach. The new approach allows to construct more robust entanglement indicators against photon-loss noise, which can detect entangled optical states in situations in which witnesses using standard Stokes operators fail. Here we show an extension of this approach beyond phenomena linked with polarization. We discuss EPR-like experiments involving correlations produced by optical beams in a multi-mode bright squeezed vacuum state. EPR-inspired entanglement conditions for all prime numbers of modes are presented. The conditions are much more resistant to noise due to photon loss than similar ones which employ standard Glauber-like intensity, correlations.
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