Nanostructured oxides, like ZrO_2, on ZnO and Bi_2O_3 show interesting electronic and photovoltaic properties. Pressed and annealed samples were obtained from nanopowders grown in hydrothermal or plasma processes. Positron annihilation (the Doppler broadening depth-resolved, positron lifetime) techniques were used to trace structural changes in samples after annealing. Photoluminescence spectra of all investigated samples show broad-band emission in the visible, with intensity depending on annealing temperature. The change in nanoporosity and positron lifetimes correlate well with changes in photoluminescence properties. The nature of broad photoluminescence bands is to be understood; further positron studies via the Doppler coincidence method would help in identifying the nature of defects in these samples.
Emission and absorption spectra, lifetimes, and branching ratios in the blue spectral region have been experimentally determined for numerous oxide, fluoride and phosphate materials doped with Pr^{3+} ions. The emission cross-sections have been evaluated using the principle of reciprocity. A theoretical model allowing a prediction of the blue lasing characteristics of the praseodymium activated waveguide structures has been developed and employed to the investigated materials.
The spectroscopic properties of trivalent dysprosium (Dy^{3+}) doped LiNbO_{3} crystals have been investigated at various temperatures. Absorption, emission, excitation and lifetime measurements have been performed and discussed in the framework of Judd-Ofelt approach. The stimulated emission cross sections of the strongest transitions of Dy ^{3+} ion have been estimated. A stimulated emission has been demonstrated in the near infrared.
Optical features (absorption and luminescence spectra) for Er^{3+} doped yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG), yttrium orthoaluminate (YAP) and LiNbO3 crystals as well as their changes after UV and gamma irradiations are presented. Possibility of gamma-induced sensibilization process in Er^{3+} doped crystals is discussed. Positive result for non-pre-annealed gamma-irradiated rods of Er^{3+}:YAG crystal was stated.
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