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EN
Recently, increasing interest in ecology of microorganisms has been associated with the possibility of direct analysis of microbial community structure due to application of molecular methods based on isolated metagenome DNA. The metagenome approach can provide a cultivation-independent assessment of the largely untapped genetic reservoir of soil or water microbial communities. However, the crucial step in this approach is efficient extraction of high-quality total DNA representing the metagenome of a habitat. The DNA extraction methods for soil habitats are grouped into two major types, i.e. indirect based on the recovery of microbes (e.g. bacterial cells) and their subsequent lysis, and direct lysis of cells in the sample followed by DNA purification. The direct extraction of total DNA from an environmental sample presumably better represents its bacterial or fungal metagenome; hence, this approach has been used more often than the fractionation methods. Although direct extraction of DNA is less labour-intensive and yield more DNA, the recovered DNA fragments are usually smaller than those obtained by the indirect approach are. The fractionation method is advantageous for soil samples containing higher amounts of organic matter or other substances that interfere with DNA isolation. This method is also applied for DNA extraction from water samples. Microbial ecologists currently use different commercially available kits for total DNA isolation from soil or water. However, it would appear that the most efficient method of DNA extraction from environmental samples is still far from being established.
EN
Actinomycetes are common soil microorganisms; however, they have also been detected in air samples, becoming important air contaminants in occupational and residential habitats. Concentrations of airborne actinomycetes and their distribution among different fractions of bioaerosol were determined in selected sites of two sanatorium types, ie a subterranean located in the former salt-mine of Bochnia and standard earth spa of Szczawnica. The average concentrations of actinomycetes ranged from 0 to almost 40 cfu m-3, for the sanatorium of Bochnia, and from 7 to 125 cfu m-3, for Szczawnica spa, throughout the year. The respiratory fraction of the bioaerosol ranged from 25 to 51% and from 78 to 81% in the subterranean sites and rooms of Szczawnica spa, respectively. For both sanatoriums, among isolated actinomycetes dominated species belonging to Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and Nocardia. The results indicate that patients can be differentially exposed to airborne actinomycetes in compared sanatoriums. The air of underground spa reveals to be of better quality, regarding the bacteria characteristics.
PL
Promieniowce są pospolitymi mikroorganizmami glebowymi, które wykrywa się także w próbkach powietrza, gdzie stanowią istotne zanieczyszczenie środowiska pracowniczego oraz mieszkaniowego. W wybranych miejscach dwóch typów sanatoriów, podziemnego w byłej kopalni soli w Bochni oraz naziemnego w Szczawnicy, określano stężenie przenoszonych drogą powietrzną promieniowców oraz ich rozmieszczenie w różnych frakcjach bioaerozolu. Przeciętne stężenia promieniowców w ciągu roku w przypadku sanatorium w Bochni mieściły się w zakresie od 0 do 40 jtk m-3, a przypadku sanatorium w Szczawnicy między 7 a 125 jtk m-3. W pomieszczeniach podziemnego sanatorium w Bochni stężenie frakcji respirabilnej bioaerozolu wahało się między 25 a 51%, a w przypadku sanatorium w Szczawnicy wartość ta mieściła się między 78 a 81%. W oby typach sanatoriów wśród izolowanych promieniowców dominowały gatunki należące do Rhodococcus, Streptomyces oraz Nocardia. Otrzymane wyniki wykazują, że w porównywanych sanatoriach pacjenci mogą być w różnym stopniu narażeni na unoszące się w powietrzu promieniowce. Powietrze w podziemnym sanatorium okazało się być lepszej jakości pod względem przeprowadzonej charakterystyki mikrobiologicznej.
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