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Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Extracted by Different Lignocellulosic Biomass after the Pretreatment Process

100%

Ulakpa W. C., Soomro S., Siddique M., Gbuvoro A.

World News of Natural Sciences

2023

vol. 47

1-13

The manufacturing of aromatic chemicals and fuels through the rapid pyrolysis of lignin looks promising. Product selectivity and liquid yield are determined by the lignin structure and pyrolysis conditions. Lignocellulosic biomass is a carbon-containing renewable and long-lasting energy source that can be found naturally. Pyrolysis has received a lot of attention for its efficient thermal decomposition of lignocellulose biomass—which includes components of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—into solid, liquid, and gas products. The formation of char is one way to describe the conversion mechanism of pyrolysis. A pre-treatment process was used to extract lignin, and the maximum yield was achieved by varying the time and temperature in a material-to-material ratio of 1:20. Without the use of any inert gas for fluidization, the first set of experiments was carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. In continuous fast pyrolysis, the heating rate has an excessive rank in converting biomass into liquid, gas, and char yield when the pyrolysis temperature is increased from 600 to 700 and then 800 °C. This research provides a deeper comprehension of the interactions that take place between various components during the rapid pyrolysis of biomass. With an optimal yield of 11.96 percent being NTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and babool tree bark (BTB) were produced at 600 °C with yields of 11.21, 11.73, 11.88, and 11.96%, respectively. With an optimal yield of 11.17 percent being BTB, walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), and neem tree bark (NTB) were produced at 700 °C at yields of 10.89, 11.23, 11.17, and 10.88%, respectively. For walnut shell (WNS), almond shell (AS), babool tree bark (BTB), and neem tree bark (NTB), respectively, an optimal yield of 11.55 percent was obtained at 800 °C for NTB. Neem tree bark (NTB) produced the highest yield of 11.96 percent when compared to the biomass when heated to 600 °C.

A review on pollution of water resources and its impact on health in South Asian Region: Pakistan

76%

Siddique M., Wisdom U. C., Asif M., Elboughdiri N., Hussain S., Hasnain M., Bhutto A. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

2023

vol. 51

98-111

Water in Pakistan is contaminated by microbes and dangerous metals. Pakistan is one of the South Asian countries with the worst water pollution. The recommended limits for the various measures from the World Health Organization (WHO) are regularly disregarded. The lack of adequate maintenance and regulation of the drinking water quality in Pakistan puts the community's health in danger. The main goal of this review is to talk about water pollution by giving a general overview of the level of water pollution in Pakistan's rivers, significant sources of water pollution, significant pollutants involved in water pollution (like microbial contamination and heavy metal pollution), and significant pollutants' effects on human health. Urban areas are known to contribute to increased water pollution, health issues, river pollution, heavy metal contamination, etc. in Pakistan and other parts of the region. This hypothesis contends that urbanization and population pressures have an immediate effect on the environment, ecosystem, demand for freshwater, water supply pollution, and other issues. Because urban areas are major sources of pollution, there is a substantial interaction between urban areas and agriculture. The review's results were derived from several research that were accepted for publication in prominent journals with high-impact factors and in government reports from throughout the country. Additionally, the goal of the evaluation is to inspire decision-makers, those responsible for creating policies, researchers, and administrative divisions to begin useful initiatives and develop cutting-edge plans for ensuring clean and pure water. To protect the neighborhood and environment from an outbreak of infectious diseases on a global scale, urgent action must be taken to reduce additional contamination and improve the existing bodies of water.

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2 World News of Natural Sciences

2 2023

2 Siddique M.

1 Asif M.

1 Bhutto A. A.

1 Elboughdiri N.

1 Gbuvoro A.

1 Hasnain M.

1 Hussain S.

1 Soomro S.

1 Ulakpa W. C.

1 Wisdom U. C.

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Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Extracted by Different Lignocellulosic Biomass after the Pretreatment Process

A review on pollution of water resources and its impact on health in South Asian Region: Pakistan