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Evidence of Stress Recovery in Free-Living Ciliate Colpoda cucullus: The Repair Capability of Resting Cysts to Damage Caused by Gamma Irradiation

100%
Sogame Y., Saito R., Koizumi R., Shimizu T., Ono T.
Acta Protozoologica
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2019
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vol. 58
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issue 1
25-29
EN
In this study, we report that the unicellular free-living protist Colpoda cucullus in the resting cyst (cryptobiosis) repairs stress damage. We previously demonstrated that resting cysts of Colpoda cucullus have extreme tolerance to gamma irradiation and can revert to vegetative cells after irradiation. Such irradiated cysts gradually excyst, suggesting that stress repair mechanisms are active during excystment or in the resting cyst. Herein we provide bioassay evidence that the rate of excystment of irradiated cysts is elevated by subsequent incubation, thereby indicating that cells injured by gamma irradiation can repair themselves in the resting cyst, whereas irradiated dry cysts cannot.
2
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Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus

86%
Saito R., Koizumi R., Sakai T., Shimizu T., Ono T., Sogame Y.
Acta Protozoologica
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2020
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vol. 59
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issue 2
67-75
EN
The ciliate Colpoda cucullus forms resting cysts to survive unfavorable environmental stresses. In this study, we have shown that Colpoda resting cysts survived exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 4000 Gy, although vegetative cells were killed by 500 Gy. After 4000 Gy irradiation, more than 90% of resting cysts and approximately 70% of dry cysts could excyst to form vegetative cells. In both cases, the excystment gradually increased after the induction of excystment. In addition, we also showed that protein carbonylation level was increased by gamma irradiation, but decreased by incubation in the cyst state. These results indicated that cell damage was repaired in resting cysts. Colpoda probably developed tolerance to gamma radiation by forming resting cysts as a strategy for growth in terrestrial environments, as part of contending with the stress due to reactive oxygen species caused by desiccation.
3
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ATP accumulation in early resting cyst formation towards cryptobiosis in Colpoda cucullus

73%
Hakozaki S., Yamanobe H., Yabuki K., Shimizu T., Saito T., Saito R., Suizu F., Suzuki T., Sogame Y.
Acta Protozoologica
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2023
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vol. 62
39-44
EN
Resting cyst formation is a crucial process of cryptobiosis in protists. In colpodid ciliates, cyst formation is accompanied by large-scale morphological changes such as changes of cell shape, resorption of cilia, and formation of a cyst wall; additionally, the cell cycle is arrested. These changes provide acquired tolerance against environmental stresses. During cyst formation, mitochondrial membrane potential is reduced and the level of the ATP synthase beta chain is suppressed, strongly indicating that metabolism has ceased. Here, however, we show that ATP levels are elevated during the initial phases of encystment implying that metabolism may not be completely suppressed. This finding suggests another aspect of resting cyst formation that is not applicable to cryptobiosis.
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