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EN
Detention in a prison is the isolation of an individual from society, placing him in an isolated space, where the punishment is not only the lack of contact with family or loved ones, but also being with other - often not easy in coexistence - prisoners. The reduced level of external stimuli makes internal life (experiences, emotions) a priority. Undertaking any creative activity reduces a prisoner’s concentration on the matter of isolation and any health problems and issues: real or imaginary. This process counteracts chaos and contributes to a gradual stabilization of the emotional system. Creative activity, by strengthening emotional stability, helps the regaining of balance and influences the prisoner’s adaptation to the life situation in which he finds himself. The initiation of creative activity by prisoners promotes the reintegration of the individual and social (here including cultural) self. The first part of this article will explain why introducing the arts is not only desirable, but natural given the setting, and inmates’ propensity for creative expression. The next part will present the examples of unstructured and structured programs developed for the creative revalidation of prisoners. Studies have revealed that undertaking creative activity on the part of prisoners plays an important role in the proces of revalidation. At the same time, analysis of works of art produced by prisoners gives an insight into the neuropsychological mechanisms of creation and provides important information for planning therapeutic programs.
EN
The rapidly changing world does not provide a man with a sense of stability; he intensifies confusion in fundamental matters related to everyday life. Evolving in directions that are difficult to predict, this is not conducive to the process of maturing into a responsible experience of humanity. Various “religious” organizations and societies take advantage of this situation, putting confusion in order (usually in an apparent way), thereby obtaining new adherents for their vision of a better world. Being under the influence of charismatic leaders, the members of new religious movements change their behaviour diametrically, as well as their way of thinking about themselves and the world. Any former model of life is replaced by a new, i.e., collective, model of thinking, estimating and behaving. Important things lose their value. The hitherto prevailing existence, perceived as “bad”, “unenlightened”, “materialistic” or “not soulful”, is left for a new and “better” life, for purposes that are attainable only thanks to contact with the new group. The acquisition of self-identity and identification with the group requires considerable effort. Going over from one world to another brings with it numerous consequences of a psychological and social nature. Hence an immense complexity of factors forming the identity of a religious man appear. On the one hand, this is influenced by personality factors, the level of inner integration, psychical and emotional maturity, and on the other hand – a number of social conditions, i.e., the specificity of the cult group, its structure, doctrine, history and social relations. All the above makes it impossible to create a universal model of the follower’s identity within cult groups. It is only possible to indicate the conditions for the creation of the new individual, self leading to a manifestation of their participation within a definite cultic group.
EN
Synthesis of the first phosphorus (V) porphyrin-peptide conjugate was successfully accomplished. A biologically active peptide, leucine enkephalin, was constructed on the phosphorus atom of the 5,10,15,20-meso-tetraphenylporphinato dichlorophosphorus (V) chloride. The method involved solution phase peptide synthesis. The first C-terminal amino acid in the sequence of the peptide was axially attached to the porphyrin through a linker, 3-aminopropanol, and the remainder of leucine enkephalin was synthesized by subsequent additions of amino acids. Leucine enkephalin-P(V) porphyrin conjugate represents a new group of compounds, and its synthesis broadens potential applications of P(V) porphyrine, e.g. in photodynamic therapy.
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