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OPINIONS OF PHARMACISTS ON COMMUNITY PHARMACY-BASED HEALTH SCREENINGS FOR COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES

100%
Waszyk-Nowaczyk M., Skura O., Michalak M., Ratka A.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2018
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vol. 75
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issue 3
EN
Rising number of chronic diseases worldwide requires improvement of patients’ care system, especially in disease prevention and health promotion. Therefore it is justified to broaden the range of services in community pharmacies in Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacists’ opinion about health screenings for chronic diseases in community pharmacies. Research was based on original, anonymous questionnaire administered between July 2016 and March 2017 to pharmacists (n=175; 77.7% women and 22.3% men) practicing in a community pharmacy in Wielkopolska (n=106; 77.4% women and 22.6% men) and Zachodniopomorskie Region (n=69; 78.3% women and 21.7% men). The effect of age and gender on pharmacists’ opinions was evaluated. Among pharmacists who responded, 93.7% agreed that patients don’t have health check-ups when they don’t experience bothersome symptoms of a disease. Almost three fourth of respondents considered implementation of health screening services in pharmacy as valuable as it can have positive influence on development of pharmaceutical care. Younger pharmacists (p=0.019) who collaborate with physicians (p=0.009) were most certain about it. 80,0% of pharmacist, in particular younger one, would offer their patients the screening services (p=0.006). 79,4% pharmacists confirmed that this new service should be reimbursed by National Health Fund. Development of new health screening services in community pharmacies may help to prevent or lower the risk of complications associated with common chronic diseases.
2
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Wykorzystanie technik mikroskopii fluorescencyjnej do badań układu błon wewnętrznych komórek roślinnych

100%
Michalak M., Skrzypczak T., Smolarkiewicz M., Wojtaszek P.
Kosmos
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2013
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vol. 62
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issue 2
235-248
PL
Gwałtowny rozwój technik mikroskopii fluorescencyjnej, w tym konfokalnej, w połączeniu z wykorzystaniem metod biologii molekularnej znacząco zdynamizowały rozwój molekularnej biologii komórki. Z wielu różnych względów, zwłaszcza znaczącej odmienności strukturalnej i funkcjonalnej, badania komórek roślinnych są nieco opóźnione. Artykuł podsumowuje stan badań systemu błon wewnętrznych komórek roślinnych z wykorzystaniem zróżnicowanych podejść i metod badawczych biologii komórki. Wskazuje na użycie różnego typu znaczników, tak chemicznych, jak i genetycznych, które umożliwiają lokalizację makrocząsteczek i procesów biologicznych. Omawia substancje chemiczne, które zaburzają funkcjonowanie systemu wewnątrzbłonowego, a więc pośrednio pozwalają wnioskować o roli uczestniczących w tych procesach białek. Wreszcie, pokazuje wykorzystanie nowych podejść i technik mikroskopowych do badań komórek roślinnych. Gdzie to jest stosowne, omawia także trudności wynikające ze swoistości składu, struktury i funkcji komórek roślinnych.
EN
Rapid development of fluorescence microscopy, including confocal microscopy, combined with the utilization of the methodologies of molecular biology, significantly accelerated the development of molecular cell biology. Research in plant cell biology slightly lags behind, mainly due to marked structural and functional dissimilarity of plant cells. This paper summarizes the current state of research on plant endomembrane system with respect to the utilization of differentiated approaches and methods of cell biology. The use of markers, both chemical and genetic, which enable localization of macromolecules and biological processes is indicated. Chemical substances perturbing the functioning of the endomembrane system and thus enabling to draw conclusions on the role of specific proteins are listed and discussed. Finally, use of novel approaches and microscopic techniques to the research of plant cells is demonstrated. Where applicable, problems arising due to the specific composition, structure and function of plant cells, are also considered.
3
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Risk factors increasing aggressive behaviour in psychiatric patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders

76%
Szymaniuk W., Trzeciak K., Balaj K., Siembida J., Rajewska-Rager A., Michalak M.
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vol. 17
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issue 1
23-32
EN
Violent and aggressive behaviour is a serious problem among hospitalised psychiatric patients. The aim of this study was to assess factors that may help predict violent behaviour in psychiatric inpatients. Method: The study group consisted of 107 patients hospitalised in the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n = 58), schizophrenia (n = 39) and anxiety disorders (n = 10). Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through a review of medical records and patient interviews using a self-prepared questionnaire. Results: Of 107 respondents, aggressive behaviour occurred in 46 patients (42.99%). A low risk of aggressive behaviour was observed in 68 patients (63.6%), medium risk – in 37 patients (34.6%), and high risk – in 2 subjects (1.9%). The study demonstrated a significant association between aggressive behaviour and short duration of the illness (p = 0.002), the criminal history of the patient (p = 0.003), the use of sedatives (p = 0.04), unemployment (p = 0.00034) and male gender in patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the incidence of violence and the main diagnosis (p = 0.56). The study showed no association with alcohol (p = 0.5) and psychoactive substance abuse (p = 0.07), age (p = 0.8), addiction in family (p = 0.1), history of suicide attempt (p = 0.08) and the lack of insight into the illness (p = 0.8). Conclusions: Based on these results, it appears that the most important factors in the occurrence of aggressive behaviour were criminal history, prior violent behaviour and short duration of the illness. The use of sedative drugs and male gender were also significant risk factors.
PL
Zachowania gwałtowne i agresywne są poważnym problemem wśród pacjentów hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie. Celem pracy była ocena czynników, które mogłyby być predyktorami występowania zachowań agresywnych. Metoda: Grupę badaną stanowiło 107 pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Klinice Psychiatrii Dorosłych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu z rozpoznaniem choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (n = 58), schizofrenii (n = 39) i zaburzeń lękowych (n = 10). Dane  socjodemograficzne i kliniczne uzyskano poprzez przegląd dokumentacji medycznej pacjenta oraz wywiad z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza własnego. Wyniki: Spośród 107 badanych zachowania agresywne występowały u 46 osób (42,99%). Niskie ryzyko zachowań agresywnych stwierdzono u 68 chorych (63,6%), średnie – u 37 (34,6%), a wysokie – u 2 (1,9%). Badanie wykazało znaczący związek między ryzykiem wystąpienia zachowań agresywnych a krótkim czasem trwania choroby (p = 0,002), karalnością pacjenta (p = 0,003), stosowaniem leków uspokajających (p = 0,04), brakiem zatrudnienia (p = 0,00034) i płcią męską w grupie osób z rozpoznaniem choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (p = 0,03). Nie zaobserwowano istotnych statystycznie korelacji między występowaniem agresji a typem choroby (p = 0,56). Nie wykazano również związku badanej zmiennej z uzależnieniem od alkoholu (p = 0,5) i narkotyków (p = 0,07), wiekiem (p = 0,8), uzależnieniem w rodzinie chorego (p = 0,1), liczbą prób samobójczych (p = 0,08) i brakiem wglądu w chorobę (p = 0,8). Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że najważniejszymi czynnikami ryzyka zachowań agresywnych są karalność pacjenta, występowanie w przeszłości zachowań agresywnych i krótki czas trwania choroby. Istotnymi czynnikami okazały  się także stosowanie leków uspokajających oraz płeć męska.
4
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Analgesic efficacy and safety of tapentadol in comparison with oxycodone in patients after open abdominal hysterectomy.

76%
Kołodziej D., Szkutnik-Fiedler D., Bosacki R., Michalak M., Grześkowiak E., Szałek E.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2020
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vol. 77
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issue 3
505-514
EN
Tapentadol is the newest opioid with dual mechanism of action, that gives the potential to spare some opioid-induced adverse events. Studies involving this drug in acute pain are not numerous. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of tapentadol and oxycodone in patients after abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups receiving: I. tapentadol (50 mg) and II. oxycodone (10 mg), every 12 hours postoperatively. The Numerical Rating Scores (NRS), vital signs, main adverse events (postoperative nausea and vomiting, sedation) and other side effects would be recorded until discharge. Total opioid consumption, the patients’ satisfaction, adjuvants consumption, and length of hospital stay were also assessed Mean NRS scores for tapentadol and oxycodone after 24, 48 and 72 hours were: 3.43 (±1.29) vs 3.59 (±1.37), 2.87 (±1.07) vs 3.24 (±1.21), 2.80 (±1.05) vs 3.19 (±1.24), respectively. In the tapentadol group, superior pain control (p<0.05) in few time points during the day second was observed although demand for rescue analgesics was slightly higher (p>0.05). Mucosal dryness affected over >90% patients in both groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea was 39.5% (tapentadol) and 27% (oxycodone) on the first day. The incidence of drowsiness was 42.1% (tapentadol) and 37.8% (oxycodone). Other adverse events’ level, satisfaction with treatment, length of stay after surgery, effect on vital signs were comparable.
5
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Employment in schizophrenia –students’ point of view

64%
Zaprutko T., Kopciuch D., Sawicka D., Majchrzycka B., Nowak M., Michalak M., Kus K., Nowakowska E.
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EN
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder and has a huge economic burden related to direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include such expenditure as hospitalization. Indirect costs, however, result mostly from the loss of productivity. Although patients are frequently interested in job opportunities, unemployment is widespread among them. Thus, we evaluated opinions of medical universities students’ concerning situation on the labor market among those in the remission stage of schizophrenia. The study was carried out between October 2015 and October 2016 in Poland and other European Union countries using a self designed questionnaire. The study tool consisting of five questions was distributed to students by direct contact and via the Internet. Of a 5200 distributed sheets, we received 1036 questionnaires and 942 were finally analyzed. In the students’ opinion, patients are generally interested in finding a job but they are afraid coming back to work. Although unemployment is common among patients with schizophrenia, the number of patients capable of working is significantly higher than the number of those actually employed. According to results of the study, getting a job might be effectively supported by non-pharmacological interventions. Considering the noticeably higher number of patients capable of working compared to those employed, development of employment possibilities should be a priority for mental health care decision makers. It should lead to reduction of the patients’ concerns related to looking for a job. Moreover, comprehensive treatment could reduce the economic burden of schizophrenia.
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