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Wybrane kwasy fenolowe i biopierwiastki w roślinnych surowcach leczniczych

100%
Arceusz A., Wesołowski M.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2011
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vol. 65
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issue 4
7-13
EN
Everlasting interest at herbal preparations as potential supporting drugs in treatment is the reason for determination of type and concentration of phenolic acids in them, as well as of their elemental contents. Due to this the objective of the work was to determine the contents of phenolic acids (ferulic, gallic and caff eic) and macroelements (K, Mg, Ca, Na) and microelements (B, Fe, Zn) in 14 plant materials used popularly in medicine. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the concentrations of ferulic, gallic and caff eic acids were in the ranges: 1.39–145.23 μg/g d. m.; 0.33–85.95 μg/g d. m. and 0.84–270.54 μg/g d. m., respectively. However, in some plant materials the level of ferulic and gallic acids was so low, that it was not possible to determine them. Macroelements were found in the ranges of concentrations: 10.60 – 38.69 mg K/g d. m.; 1.67–8.65 mg Mg/g d. m.; 5.31–39.71 mg Ca/g d. m. and 31.95–995.58 mg Na/kg d. m., whereas microelements in amounts of 24.04–67.01 mg B/kg d. m.; 31.27–260.74 mg Fe/kg d. m. and 13.93–83.35 mg Zn/kg d. m. Correlation analysis indicated the strict inter-relation between Fe level in the studied samples and the concentration of Ca, B and caff eic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) enabled identifi cation of plant materials characterized by high contents of phenolic acids and elements, as well as of such materials, in which the studied analytes were on the lowest level. Cluster analysis confi rmed also the results of correlation analysis, indicated by clusters created on the lowest bonding level, which describe the pairs of analytes with high values of the correlation coeffi cients.
PL
CEL PRACY Nieustające zainteresowanie preparatami roślinnymi jako potencjalnymi lekami wspomagającymi przyczynia się do określenia w nich rodzaju i zawartości substancji czynnych oraz ich składu pierwiastkowego. Celem pracy było oznaczenie zawartości kwasów fenolowych (ferulowego, galusowego, kawowego) oraz makroelementów (K, Mg, Ca, Na) i mikroelementów (B, Fe, Zn) w 14 surowcach roślinnych powszechnie stosowanych w lecznictwie. WYNIKI Stwierdzono że zawartość kwasów: ferulowego, galusowego i kawowego mieściła się w zakresach, odpowiednio: 1,39–145,23 μg/g s. m.; 0,33–85,95 μg/g s.m. i 0,84–270,54 μg/g s.m., ale w przypadku niektórych surowców zawartość kwasów ferulowego i galusowego była tak niska, że nie udało się ich oznaczyć. Makroelementy oznaczono w zakresie stężeń 10,60–38,69 mg K/g s.m.; 1,67–8,65 mg Mg/g s.m.; 5,31–39,71 mg Ca/g s. m. i 31,95–995,58 mg Na/kg s.m., natomiast mikroelementy w ilości 24,04–67,01 mg B/kg s.m.; 31,27–260,74 mg Fe/kg s.m. i 13,93–83,35 mg Zn/kg s. m. WNIOSKI Analiza korelacji wskazała na ścisłą współzależność między stężeniem Fe w badanych próbkach a zawartością Ca, B i kwasu kawowego. Analiza głównych składowych (PCA) i analiza skupień (CA) umożliwiły identyfikację surowców roślinnych charakteryzujących się wysoką zawartością fenolokwasów i pierwiastków oraz surowców, w których ilości oznaczanych analitów były na najniższym poziomie. Analiza skupień potwierdziła również wyniki analizy korelacji, na co wskazują skupienia utworzone na najniższym poziomie wiązania, opisujące pary analitów, które charakteryzują wysokie wartości współczynników korelacji.
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Essential metals and phenolic acids in commercial herbs and spices. Multivariate analysis of correlations among them

100%
Arceusz A., Wesolowski M.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
|
issue 1
EN
The purpose of this study was to show relationships among the levels of essential metals (zinc, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium) and phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, rosmarinic and syringic) in commercial herbs (lemon balm, thyme, rosemary, mint, sage and angelica) and spices (caraway, lovage, hyssop and oregano). In the herbs higher quantities of metals and phenolic compounds were found than in spices. All plants contained high levels of calcium, potassium and rosmarinic acid, but low levels of zinc and gallic acid. By using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses several clusters were identified grouping samples originating from a plant of a particular botanical species. Multivariate analysis has also shown that the contents of phenolic acids had a stronger impact on the scattering of herbs and spices than the metals levels. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were found between calcium and ferulic, gallic, rosmarinic and syringic acids as well as between zinc and sodium and caffeic acid. This suggests co-operate between these biologically active constituents in metabolic processes occurring in plants.
3
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Relationships between flavonoids and selected elements in infusions of medicinal herbs

81%
Konieczynski P., Arceusz A., Wesolowski M.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
The aim of the studies was to establish relationships between flavonoids and elements important for human health. Therefore, total contents of flavonoids and phosphorus were determined by UV/Vis methods, flavonoids by HPLC, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by FAAS in 68 infusions of medicinal herbs. Total flavonoids content in the aqueous extracts were in the range of 0.26 - 16.40 mg per 100 mL. The mean flavonoid contents (in mg per 100 mL of aqueous extract) were 2.24, 2.01, 1.83, 1.88 for rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, respectively. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P were determined in mg per 100 mL, and of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in μg per 100 mL. Total content of flavonoids was weakly correlated with quercetin (r = 0.41), kaempferol (r = 0.53), Cu (r = 0.43), and Ca (r = -0.30). Statistically significant correlations were also found among Cu, Ca, Mn, Zn and Fe. Cluster analysis grouped the studied herbs based on total flavonoids, also four flavonoids and essential elements contents, extracted from the whole population of herbs Sambuci flos, Betulae folium, and Sylibi mariani semen. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings and enabled identification of quercetin, kaempferol, Cu and Fe as the factors responsible for differentiation of the studied material.
4
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Macro- and micro- elements in some herbal drug raw materials and their water extracts consumed in Poland

81%
Arceusz A., Wesolowski M., Radecka I.
Open Chemistry
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 5
917-924
EN
The concentrations of seven macro- and microelements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn) in 59 herbs (herbs, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots), which are commercially available and frequently used in Poland for medical purposes as well as in their water extracts (infusions and decoctions), were determined after microwave mineralization. The data obtained show that all herbal raw materials analysed contain macroelements in the range of mg g−1 on d.w. whereas microelements in the range of mg kg−1 on d.w. and that elemental concentrations varied widely. On the basis of a comparison of concentrations of elements in herbal raw materials examined and water extracts prepared from them, the extraction efficiency was expressed as a percent of the total content of each element present in the infusion or decoction. The percentages of macro- and micro- elements leaching from different morphological parts of plants into water extracts varied across a wide range of values, from 1% in the case of Na to 56% in the case of K. Real daily intake of the macro- and microelements elements through one cup of infusions or decoctions were shown that water extracts from herbal raw materials are not an important source of bioelements in human diet. [...]
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