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Influence of Passive Stiffness of Hamstrings on Postural Stability

100%
Kuszewski M., Gnat R., Sobota G., Myśliwiec A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 45
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issue 1
49-57
EN
The aim of the study was to explore whether passive stiffness of the hamstrings influences the strategy of maintaining postural stability. A sample of 50 subjects was selected; the final analyses were based on data of 41 individuals (33 men, 8 women) aged 21 to 29 (mean = 23.3, SD = 1.1) years. A quasi- experimental ex post facto design with repeated measures was used. Categories of independent variables were obtained directly prior to the measurement of the dependent variables. In stage one of the study, passive knee extension was measured in the supine position to assess hamstring stiffness. In stage two, the magnitude of postural sway in antero-posterior direction was measured, while varying the body position on a stabilometric platform, both with and without visual control. The margin of safety was used as a measure of postural control. The magnitude of the margin of safety increased significantly between the open-eye and closed-eye trials. However, although we registered a visible tendency for a larger increase of the margin of safety associated with lower levels of passive hamstrings stiffness, no significant differences were found. Therefore, this study demonstrated that hamstring stiffness did not influence the strategy used to maintain postural stability.
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The Complex Analysis of Movement in the Evaluation of the Backward Somersault Performance

100%
Król H., Klyszcz-Morciniec M., Sobota G., Nowak K.
Physical Activity Review
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2016
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vol. 4
28-39
EN
Complex methodology was applied to study a movement structure in the standing back tuck somersault (SBTS). We have checked the usefulness of the multi-modular measuring system (SMART-E, BTS, Company, Italy) consisting of six infrared cameras, and the wireless module Pocket EMG, for measuring muscle bioelectric activity and force plate (AMTI, USA). Software Smart Analyser was used to create a database allowing the chosen parameters to be compared. Using a comprehensive methodology in the studies of the back somersault, performed with the landing at the same place (salto – S), allows for the presentation of the external and internal structure of the movement of this exercise.
3
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Evaluation of the Limits of Stability (LOS) Balance Test

88%
Juras G., Słomka K., Fredyk A., Sobota G., Bacik B.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2008
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vol. 19
39-52
EN
The main objective of this study was the estimation of intrasession reliability of the limits of stability (LOS) test conducted on a force platform as an alternative measurement to standard posturography in quiet standing. Fifteen healthy adults took part in the experiment. The standardized measurement protocol of the LOS test was proposed. It consists of three phases - 1st phase - 10s of quiet standing, 2nd phase - the maximal forward leaning in a self paced manner, and 3rd phase - maintenance of maximal forward leaning position. The analysis of variance Friedman's ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA/MANOVA was used to diagnose the differences between 10 consecutive trials of the LOS test. In order to establish reliability of the test, the intraclass correlation (ICC) procedure was used. We presented different ways of maximal center of pressure (COP) excursion estimates. The results of this study show no significant differences between the chosen parameters of the LOS test. Moreover, the measurement of the range of COP excursion, which is most commonly analyzed in such tests, showed to be quite reliable with ICC2,1 above .85. LOS test conducted along the standard procedure should be considered as a very useful method in clinical and research conditions. Still the specific parameters of the LOS test should be given more thorough insight, but it is a very good alternative to quiet standing posturography.
4
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Intra-Personal and Inter-Personal Kinetic Synergies During Jumping

76%
Slomka K., Juras G., Sobota G., Furmanek M., Rzepko M., Latash M. L.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 49
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issue 1
75-88
EN
We explored synergies between two legs and two subjects during preparation for a long jump into a target. Synergies were expected during one-person jumping. No such synergies were expected between two persons jumping in parallel without additional contact, while synergies were expected to emerge with haptic contact and become stronger with strong mechanical contact. Subjects performed jumps either alone (each foot standing on a separate force platform) or in dyads (parallel to each other, each person standing on a separate force platform) without any contact, with haptic contact, and with strong coupling. Strong negative correlations between pairs of force variables (strong synergies) were seen in the vertical force in one-person jumps and weaker synergies in two-person jumps with the strong contact. For other force variables, only weak synergies were present in one-person jumps and no negative correlations between pairs of force variable for two-person jumps. Pairs of moment variables from the two force platforms at steady state showed positive correlations, which were strong in one-person jumps and weaker, but still significant, in two-person jumps with the haptic and strong contact. Anticipatory synergy adjustments prior to action initiation were observed in oneperson trials only. We interpret the different results for the force and moment variables at steady state as reflections of postural sway.
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