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1
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The use of Moiré phenomenon in assessing the shape of the spine in the frontal plane

100%
Fugiel J., Krynicka I.
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2010
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vol. 18
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issue 1
26-31
PL
Celem pracy jest ocena możliwości zastosowania fotogrametrycznej metody wykorzystującej zjawisko mory do wstępnej oceny postawy ciała. Zbadano 58 dziewcząt w wieku 12-14 lat, u których na podstawie zdjęcia RTG stwierdzono skoliozę I○ lub II○. Dodatkowo wykonano badanie postawy ciała z zastosowaniem metody wykorzystującej zjawisko mory. W celu porównania wyników uzyskanych tą metodą z wartościami kąta Cobba zastosowano korelację Spearmana. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że obraz zarejestrowany urządzeniem z wykorzystaniem zjawiska mory jest zbliżony do wyników uzyskanych w badaniu RTG. Wartości korelacji Spearmana świadczą o wysokich lub średnich związkach między wynikami uzyskanymi w obu metodach. Metoda fotogrametryczna jest skuteczną metodą oceny kształtu kręgosłupa w płaszczyźnie czołowej i może być stosowana do badań przesiewowych prowadzonych w celu wstępnego wykrycia wad postawy.
EN
The aim of this study was to assess applicability of the Moiré method for initial evaluation of body posture in children and youths. The study was carried out in a group of girls aged 12-14 years, altogether fifty-eight subjects with first- and second-degree scoliosis. Additionally, the projection Moiré method for posture examination was applied. In order to compare the results obtained with the projection Moiré with the Cobb angle values, Spearman correlation was used. The comparative analysis of the two methods evaluating scoliosis revealed that the pictures recorded with the device using the Moiré phenomenon is similar to that received in the X-ray examination. Spearman correlation values show high and mean correlations between the size of deviations of the spinal line from the vertical line obtained in the author's own examinations and the scoliosis degree as seen in the X-rays. The projection Moiré method is effective in evaluating spinal shape in the frontal plane and that method can be employed in screening studies for preliminary detection of faulty posture.
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Częstość wad postawy ciała u dzieci z Zagłębia Miedziowego / Prevalence of postural disorders in children from copper basin in Poland

81%
Pokrywka J., Fugiel J., Posłuszny P.
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2011
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vol. 19
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issue 4
3-10
EN
Unhealthy lifestyle and limited physical activity tend to be main factors adversely affecting the development of the young generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of postural disorders in the sagittal plane as well as to compare posture types taking into consideration physical activity of the examined children. The data was gathered in 2002 and 2008 in Polkowice. The examined group consisted of 2398 children - boys and girls aged 7 to 11. Body posture was measured by means of the photogrammetric method with the use of Moire pattern. A questionnaire was used to gather information concerning the amount of time outside of school spent on physical activity, watching TV or playing computer games. While comparing the prevalence of postural disorders in 2002 and 2008 an overall increase was observed - higher in girls than in boys. The posture types distribution was comparable in both studies. Kyphotic and balanced posture types were predominant in boys, whereas in girls lordotic and balanced types were more frequent. The questionnaire showed that between 2002 and 2008 physical activity after school decreased.
3
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Ocena dyskryminacyjnej roli wykształcenia matki i dzietności rodzin w kształtowaniu wysokości ciała dzieci z Zagłębia Miedziowego

81%
Fugiel J., Sławińska T., Ignasiak Z.
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
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2012
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vol. 15
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issue 1
32-38
EN
Introduction. Growth of the children influence several environmental factors, including urban development level of the place of residence, parents” education and number of children in family. Many survey results reveal that body height is a sensitive measure of environmental interaction and physical growth in a period of progressive growth. The aim of the research was to determine if mother’s education and number of children in family are among the factors which modify the body height in ecologically endangered environment, urban and rural. Material and methods. 2599 boys and girls aged 7– 15 were examined. Children represented primary and secondary schools in Polkowice and rural region schools near Legnica and Głogów. Surveys were performed in the years 2007 and 2008. Every subject was examined for body height and data from questionnaire provided information on mother’s education and number of children in family. Results. Reportedly, it was noticed, that groups of boys and girls are different in body height which depend on level of urbanization of living environment and socio-economic standards. Conclusions. Collected results reveal that such factors as mother’s education and number of children in the family make differences in body height of young generation and they occur in both environments – urban and rural – with different intensity.
PL
Wstęp. Na przebieg rozwoju fizycznego dzieci wpływa zespół czynników środowiskowych, w tym stopień urbanizacji miejsca zamieszkania, wykształcenie rodziców, dzietność rodzin. Z licznych badań wynika, że czułym miernikiem oddziaływań środowiskowych na rozwój fizyczny w okresie progresywnego rozwoju jest wysokość ciała. Celem pracy było ustalenie, czy wykształcenie matki i dzietność rodzin należą nadal do czynników modyfikujących wysokość ciała dzieci w środowisku ekologicznie zagrożonym, miejskim i wiejskim. Materiał i metody. Zbadano 2599 chłopców i dziewcząt w wieku od 7 do 15 lat. Dzieci uczęszczały do szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów w Polkowicach oraz wiejskich szkół okolic Legnicy i Głogowa. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2007 i 2008 roku. U każdej osoby przeprowadzono pomiary wysokości ciała, a za pomocą ankiety uzyskano dane dotyczące warunków socjalno-bytowych – wykształcenia matki i liczby dzieci w rodzinie. Wyniki. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że pomiędzy wydzielonymi grupami chłopców i dziewcząt występują różnice w wysokości ciała zależne od stopnia zurbanizowania środowiska bytowego, jak również w zależności od warunków społeczno- ekonomicznych. Wnioski. Zgromadzone wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że nadal takie czynniki jak wykształcenie matki i dzietność rodziny przyczyniają się do zróżnicowania wysokości ciała młodego pokolenia i że działają one w obu środowiskach – miejskim i wiejskim – z różnym nasileniem.
4
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Sex Differences in Growth and Performance of Track and Field Athletes 11-15 Years

61%
Malina R., Sławinska T., Ignasiak Z., Rożek K., Kochan K., Domaradzki J., Fugiel J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 24
79-85
EN
Objective: To evaluate sex differences in functional performances of youth track and field athletes.Methods: Four tests of functional capacity were administered to 309 youth 11-15 years training for track and field at sport schools, 136 boys and 173 girls. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were measured; height, weight and adiposity were also. Two age groups were compared, 11-13 and 14-15 years. ANCOVA was used to test sex differences by age group in the total sample (disciplines combined) and specific disciplines; age, height and weight were covariates.Results: For the total sample, males in both age groups performed better than females in the four tests but sex differences were greater among 14-15 year olds. Within disciplines, sex differences among sprinters and middle distance and distance runners were greater at 14-15 years. Results varied for general athletics; the magnitude of sex differences was similar for strength in both age groups, greater for the throw at 11-13 years and greater for the jump and sprint at 14-15 years.Conclusion: Although sex differences in performance were apparent among athletes 11-13 years, they were greater among athletes 14-15 years, reflecting to a large extent the male adolescent spurt in body size, muscle mass, strength and power. Sex differences were more established in sprinters and middle distance and distance runners, and more variable in participants in general athletics.
5
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Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

61%
Malina R., Ignasiak Z., Rożek K., Sławińska T., Domaradzki J., Fugiel J., Kochan K.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 1
31-40
EN
Objective. To evaluate the growth, maturity and functional characteristics of female sport school participants 11 - 15 years of age. Material and methods. The sample included 200 girls aged from 10.55 to 15.42 years. The majority (173) trained in track and field. Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Athletes were compared by menarcheal status and track and field discipline with MANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, height, weight and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, 11 - 13 years and 14 - 15 years. Results. Median age at menarche was 12.99 ± 1.11 years. None of the functional tests differed between pre- and post-menarcheal athletes 13 years, while only grip strength differed between late and early maturing athletes 14 - 15 years. Height, weight and % Fat, but no performance items differed among track and field athletes by discipline. Team and individual sport athletes were heavier, fatter and stronger than track and field athletes but the latter performed better in the sprint and jump. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group. Conclusions. Trends in body size of female athletes attending sport schools were generally consistent with observations for female athletes in several sports. Percentages of variance explained in functional indicators were greater in athletes 11 - 13 than 14 - 15 years of age.
6
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Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

61%
Malina R., Rożek K., Ignasiak Z., Sławińska T., Fugiel J., Kochan K., Domaradzki J.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
180-187
EN
Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. Basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. Main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.
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