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1

Toxicological Significance of the Occurrence of Selenium in Foods

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Adewale G. G., Olajide P. A., Omowumi O. S., Okunlola D. D., Taiwo A. M., Adetuyi B. O.

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vol. 44

63-88

EN

The presence of selenium (Se) in foods and the pertinent toxicological data are reviewed. In most regions of the world, the average daily intake of man is thought to be between 60 and 250 micrograms for adults and between 4 and 35 micrograms for infants. The current practice of adding selenium supplements to animal feeds may increase the selenium content of meats by up to 30%, but this does not result in a biologically meaningful increase in the selenium intake of people. Se is mostly absorbed after ingestion, according to the available metabolic data. Up to 50% of it is eliminated in the urine, while the remaining percentage builds up primarily in the liver and kidneys. Recent epidemiological and animal studies show that Se is not a carcinogen, and in some cases may have anti-cancer properties. Neither the essentiality for man, nor the no-effect level of Se have been established.

2

Caloric Restriction Diet (CR diet) or Mediterranean Diet (MD) - Which is the Best Choice for Former Athletes?

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Czerwińska M., Hołowko J., Maciejewska D., Wysokiński P., Ficek K., Wilk P., Stachowska E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

23-35

EN

Overweight or obesity which often develop in athletes who end their careers is one of the most important issues of the world of sport. During aging, an increase in the amount of intra-abdominal fat is observed; this fat increases the risk of such metabolic disease as diabetes or hypertension. The participants of the study were 94 males. The people were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: group 1 – people using the diet based on calorie restriction CRON (n = 32), and group 2 – those who followed the recommendations of the Mediterranean diet (n = 34). The patients who at the check-up declared not following any diet were assigned to the control group (n = 28). A change in parameters was observed in each of the sub-groups after the intervention. The most significant changes were observed in the sub-group which lost >2.6 kg. Both the diet based on mild calorie restriction and the Mediterranean diet had positive effect on the change of the former athlete’s body parameters after the 6-week long dietary intervention. Both diets which were being tested changed the body composition of the athletes who ended their careers in a similar way.

3

Nutrition therapy of patients as therapeutical management process

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SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA M.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2015

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vol. 26

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issue 105

198-207

EN

The problem of malnutrated patients in the light of current data requires a comprehensive approach, including proper training for dietitians. Standards for nutritional treatment plans and programs of nutritional therapy do exist. The process of nutritional care according to current standards in many countries is described. It takes into consideration: a) nutrition assessment and evaluation of the risk of malnutrition; b) diet; c) nutritional intervention; d) monitoring and evaluation of nutrition. In this process the evaluation of the nutritional status plays an important role. Anthropometrical examinations were systematized depending on the age of the patient. Data for the assessment of the nutritional status depending on the age and sex of the patient are presented. The appropriate methods for the measurement of the body height of bedridden patient are indicated. The demand for energy and nutrients for the sick depend on many factors. It is important that there is no hyperalimentation of a patient. It is helpful in this calculation to take into account, weight, height, age, stress factors and factors of physical activity. Formulas to calculate the ideal body weight are given.

4

A review on drug-diet interaction

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Adio W. S., Ogunwole A. C., Mary F. I.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 43

108-125

EN

Food-drug interactions can have a significant impact on the efficacy of pharmacological treatment and the adverse effect profiles of many treatments. Interactions are not necessarily harmful to therapy, but they can be employed to promote drug absorption or reduce side effects in some circumstances. Drug interactions with grapefruit juice, in particular, have gotten a lot of attention recently. As new drugs are approved at a faster rate, there is less information accessible concerning their side effects and interactions once they hit the market. The use of herbal medicines and dietary supplements is a second source of worry. These items are not subjected to rigorous testing and may contain little or no of the ingredient listed on the label. Some of the herbs utilized have the potential to interact negatively with prescription medications. Mahuang (ephedra) and fever few are two noteworthy examples. Mahuang is a stimulant that can lead to hypertension in those who are on monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Fever fever has anticoagulant qualities that can help warfarin work better. The majority of food-drug interactions occur due to one of three mechanisms: decreased absorption rate or extent, enhanced absorption rate or extent, or chemical/pharmacologic effects. Acid-labile medicines, such as penicillin G, ampicillin, and dicloxacillin, are destroyed when there is an increase in stomach acid. In other circumstances, dietary components like calcium or iron may create compounds with the medicine that make it harder to absorb. Tetracycline, sodium fluoride, and ciprofloxacin are some examples. Food, calcium, and practically everything, including orange juice and coffee, interfere with lendronate absorption. The exact process through which food interferes with absorption is unknown in many circumstances. The area under the curve (AUC) may be comparable regardless of how the drug is administered; delayed absorption does not always diminish total overall exposure to the drug.

5

Determination and correlation of physicochemical properties of aqueous extracts from edible portions of common tropical fruits

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Ejiako E. J., Ngozi V. E., Ebele M. S., Wirnkor V. A., Ehirim F.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 47

104-114

EN

The quantity and quality of these constituent may not usually be the same under certain conditions, so fruits sold in Owerri where heavy pollutant abound were analysed, three samples of each water melon, Pawpaw, pineapple and orange fruits were bought from Owerri commercial centre and their juices extracted and stored in screw cap bottles prior to analysis. The physiochemical parameters revealed that fruits were of good quality but showed positive and negative significant relationship correlation ships such as pH-FW (0.958), pH-SG (-0.025), TS-MC (-0.999), TA-FW (-0.987). Vitamin C content ranged from 13.14 ± 0.39 mg/100g to 75.46 ±1.72 mg/100g for water melon and orange respectively. In conclusion, fruits studied showed good quality and a good source of vitamin C and mineral content. Such analysis needs to be carried out periodically to ensure quality and create awareness to the public.

6

The relationship between the consumption of functional beverages and the use of other stimulants by high school students in Poland

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BŁASZCZYK E., PIÓRECKA B., JAGIELSKI P., PRUSAK A., SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA M.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2015

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vol. 26

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issue 105

208-213

EN

Introduction: The results of national and international studies demonstrate the relationship of consumption of cola-type beverages by adolescents with increased dependence on other psychoactive substances, such as alcohol or tobacco. Aim: To assess the relationship between consumption of cola and functional drinks (energy and isotonic drinks) and other stimulants including coffee, tea, alcohol and cigarettes in a group of high school students. Material & methods: 120 students (16–17 years) attending upper secondary school in Lesko participated in the survey. The anonymous questionnaire collected data on frequency of consumption of selected products and beverages (FFQ), including functional beverages. To assess the differences between groups the Mann-Whitney U-test was appplied, while the relationship between variables was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) at statistical significance level α=0.05. Results: The results showed that sugar beverages such as cola (soft drink), were consumed most frequently by young people (2.50±0.92). Of functional beverages, respondents choose energy drinks more often (2.07±0.87) than isotonic beverages (1.66±0.76). Among female respondents, a positive correlation between the consumption of energy drinks and cola drinks was found (rs=0.34, p=0.0001). Girls who smoke cigarettes reported consuming energy drinks significantly more often (p=0.0212) than non-smokers. The frequency of consumption of caffeinated beverages (cola and energizing drinks) in the surveyed group had no correlation with consumption of alcoholic beverages and tea. Conclusion: Excessive intake of caffeine by young people may lead to increased use of other stimulants. This indicates a need for quantitative data on consumption of caffeinated beverages by adolescents.

7

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Meats Singed with Kerosene and Waste Tyres: A Case for Public Health Concern in Nigeria

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Okareh O. T., Oshinloye O. A., Abiodun D.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2021

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vol. 38

49-59

EN

Singeing is a common post slaughtering process of livestock and this has been associated with the introduction of high level of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in the meats. There is dearth of information on alternative singeing technology for safe meat. Therefore, this study is aimed at proffering an alternative method for singeing livestock carcass as a post-slaughtering process to reduce accumulation of PAH in meat. An experimental study, involving the use of a singeing device (singeing torch) sourced locally was conducted. Singeing was carried out on a sacrificed goat using conventional methods and the Singeing Torch (ST). Five grams of meat samples singed with kerosene, tyres and the ST were collected from two abattoirs and observed for physical qualities. The physicochemical properties such as pH and PAH were determined using standard procedures. Results were compared with International Agency for Research in Cancer guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Bright appearances with red coloration for ST singed meat while black patches and dull appearances were observed on meat singed with kerosene and tyres respectively. ST singed meat showed a better olfactory quality, a more neutral PH value and PAH of 7.3 and 3.30 (n/ng), while kerosene and tyre singed meat showed 6.8 pH value, 4.20 (n/ng) and 6.61 (n/ng) respectively with mean of 0.194±0.56, 0.248±0.94 and 0.389±1.21 respectively. The principal PAH compounds in ST meat identified were 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, Acenaphthene, Pyrene and Benz(a)anthracene. This study indicates that meat singed with ST had lower PAH contents and better physical quality. The use of device and method that generates no chemical contaminants such as the ST should be encouraged for the singeing process of livestock carcasses as a strategy for the control of chemical contaminants of meat.

8

Applications of Arthrospira platensis as an Alternative Source of Food, Maintaining Nutritional Security and Awareness Creation; there by Reducing Problems of Malnutrition in the Society

100%

Degnechew G. D., Buzayehu D. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 19

1-8

EN

An increase in population has led to explorations of alternative sources of food, nutrition and energy. This search and the maintenance of nutritional security are essential dimensions of sustainable communal growth and development. This study revises evidences for alternative food production from Arthrospira platensis. The use of Arthrospira platensis for food is increasingly relevant as its components (proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins) have substantial potential to be competitive with the same components from other food sources, and Arthrospira platensis-based food production is relatively low in price and holds medicinal properties.

9

Measurement the natural radioactivity of Sheep meat samples from Karbala governorate

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Kadhum N. F., Omron A. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 22

110-118

EN

In this paper, the measurement of natural radioactivity in Sheep meat samples from different regions of Karbala governorate by using (Na(Tl)) detector. The results of measurements have shown that the specific activity and the determination of some other related parameters such as (Raeq , Hin, Iɣ, Iα, DƔ, Eff dos and AGDE). In fourteen four sheep meat samples by using NaI(Tl) detector. The results have shown that, the mean specific activity of (40K, 238U and 232Th) which were (6.813±1.82 Bq/kg, 3.865±1.033 Bq/kg and 1.02±1.03), respectively, were found to be less than the recommended values of specific activity given by (UNSCEAR, 2000).

10

EDIBLE MUSHROOMS IN PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN DISEASES

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MUSZYNSKA B., SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA K., ŁOJEWSKI M., OPOKA W., ZAJĄC M., ROJOWSKI J.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2013

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vol. 25

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issue 101

170-183

EN

In recent years an increase in the consumption of edible mushrooms has been observed. In many countries mushrooms have been a popular delicacy, as they add flavor and texture to a meal. Mushrooms are able to accumulate both primary and secondary metabolites. Some of them may play an antioxidant role, e.g. phenolic and indole compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, ascorbic acid, ergothioneine and carotenoids and are a source of elements, e.g. selenium. Indole compounds fulfill the role of neurotransmitters or their precursors, exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging actions, regulate the diurnal cycle in humans and take part in blood coagulation. Biologically and therapeutically active metabolites of fungi are used to treat such serious diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. The intake of mushrooms clearly has a cholesterol-lowering effect or hypocholesterolemic effect by different mechanisms such as decreasing VLDL, improving lipid metabolism, inhibiting of activity of HMG-CoA reductase, and consequently preventing the development of atherosclerosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds occurring in mushrooms also may contribute to reduce the atherosclerosis risk.

11

Caffeine and neurodegenerative disorders

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BOGATKO K., SZOPA A., POLESZAK E.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2014

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vol. 26

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issue 103

89-93

EN

Neurodegenerative disorders are amongst the most dangerous diseases in modern society. At the end of 1990, adenosine receptor antagonists were used to block the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors causing less physical, cellular and molecular damage caused by Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In recent years, an increase in death rate caused by these diseases has been observed among people under 74. Caffeine, as NMDA receptor antagonist, prevents an uncontrolled influx of calcium ions into the interior of the cells exerting a neuroprotective effect and beneficial procognitive effects. There is much evidence that caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

12

Selected eating habitS in upper Secondary School: adoleScentS from the region of podkarpacie

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BŁASZCZYK-BĘBENEK E., PIÓRECKA B., JAGIELSKI P., SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA M.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2016

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vol. 27

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issue 107

107-112

EN

Lifestyle determines human diet. Such factors as school environment, aggressive advertising or nutrition fashion affect the diet during adolescence. The aim of this study was to assess selected eating habits in relation to the assessment of the nutritional status of adolescents in upper secondary school age. Studies on students, mainly from rural areas, were carried out in the school year 2010. The study included 114 students aged 16-18 years, from upper secondary school with diversified educational profiles in Lesko. To assess the diet a qualitative method, that is, an anonymous food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of consumption of selected products and beverages, was used. Assessment of nutritional status was based on the interpretation of BMI and WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio) obtained from the students’ anthropometric measurements results. The statistical significance in the interpretation of BMI in gender groups (p=0.0075) and groups with various educational profiles (p=0.0013) has been observed. On the basis of the interpretation of WHtR the abdominal obesity was more common among girls (18.42%) and students of the secondary technical school of catering (24.24%). Gender was a significant factor differentiating the number of meals (p=0.0221). Eating irregular meals was proven in the study and the intervals between meals in distinguished groups were up to 4 hours (45.85% of the total). Adolescents from the region of Podkarpacie declared lower frequency of consumption of “fast-food” products. Occurring abnormal eating habits were characteristic for the examined age group. Occurring dietary mistakes did not significantly affect the assessment of body mass.

13

Distribution of selected metals and phytochemicals in seeds and peels extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Ogbuta A., Ukachuku S., Teke E., Ziriki D.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 49

156-164

EN

The nutritional benefits of agricultural trash and the therapeutic properties of leftover agricultural product parts are still being thoroughly researched in Africa. This investigation looked at the distribution of specific metals and phytochemicals in Bayelsa state, Nigeria, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed and peel samples. Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) were picked for their seeds and peel samples after being brought from several gardens in Nigeria's Bayelsa state. Ether acetate was used to extract the samples. The extracts were evaluated at various concentrations, including 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, and 0.3125 mg/ml, for phytochemicals. The phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate extracts of seed and peel samples, revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides in seed extracts while flavonoids, phenols, terpernoids, cardiac glycosides, carboxylic acids, quinine and xanthoproteins were detected in peel sample. The samples were digested with an aqua regia and analyzed for metals using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The total concentrations of the metals analyzed varied from 51.05 to 58.40 mg/kg, (5.20±54.73), mean concentrations of the individual metals from result showed iron Fe (28.70-32.60 mg/kg), Mn (11.67-14.14 mg/kg), K (0.24-0.25 mg/kg), Zn (7.89 -9.11 mg/kg), Ni (0.01 -0.03 mg/kg), Cu ( 0.42 -0.48 mg/kg), Mg (1.29 -1.47 mg/kg), Ca (0.56 -0.57 mg/kg) and Pb (0.00-0.01 mg/kg). Iron Fe concentrations were predominant in both seed and peel samples of (Citrullus lanatus). The concentrations of metal in seed and peel samples followed this order Fe>Mn > Zn > Mg >Ca>Cu > K > Ni >Pb and the concentrations of Fe and Mn were relatively higher than WHO daily intake permissible limits in Citrullus lanatus.

14

Nutritional preferences of children and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in grades 1-3 of primary schools in Kraków and Myślenice county

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ŻWIRSKA J., JAGIELSKI P., BAJER M., STYCZEŃ A., SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA M.

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EN

The Children’s Health Center in Warsaw was carried out in 2007-2010 the research project „Development of standards in blood pressure of children and youth in the Poland OLAF” confirmed that overweight and obesity affects about 22% of boys and 18% of girls in schools basic; in secondary schools this proportion is slightly lower – 15% and 12%. The aim of this study was to assess the food preferences, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of 1-3 classes of primary school in the South Poland. The study was conducted in the Myslenice District and Kraków in 2009-2012 year. These included primary school pupils aged 7-9 years and their parents. Group size was 1,140 children. Questionnaire for children was aimed at getting to know the degree of liking some food products. Anthropometric measurements were as: measurement of weight, height, % body fat, waist and hips. The analysis used ANOVA rank Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of significance was set at α = 0.05. Boys with underweight and normal significantly more liked Pepsi drinks than girls. Among the vegetables girls having a BMI in the normal range more preferred lettuce, cauliflower and radish, than boys. Of the sweets girls with overweight and obesity significantly less liked buns, compared to girls with underweight and normal. Boys regardless of BMI significantly more liked pizza compared to girls. Gender and child nutritional status will affect the choice of food products. It is necessary to correct nutritional education of children and their parents to the future of there eating behavior were normal.

15

Enzymatic Hydrolytic Evaluation of Different Cooking Methods on Resistant Starch of Yam and Rice

100%

Nwokolo C., Nwanguma B.

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EN

Food envy is a feeling of isolation experienced by diabetic and obese individuals who have dietary restrictions that prevent them from eating their preferred starchy foods. This can lead to feelings of exclusion and exacerbation in social situations. The psychological strain and emotional toll of avoiding certain foods due to medical restrictions can have negative effects on a person's health, including a higher risk of eating foods to fit in with society and worsen their medical conditions. Rice and yam are popular foods in South Eastern Nigeria, but there is limited information on cooking methods to increase the resistant starch. This lack of information can lead to frustration and feelings of deprivation, making it harder for individuals to adhere to their dietary restrictions. Limited food options may result in nutrient deficiencies, compromising their overall health and well-being. This study aimed to study the effect of different cooking methods, namely conventional and steaming methods, and different cooling methods at room temperature and in the fridge on the resistant starch contents as well as the non-resistant starch contents of rice and yam. The result showed the highest increase in resistant starch of rice (from 1.24 ± 0.42a to 7.41 ± 0.32b) and the highest decrease in the non-resistant starch (from 86.97 ± 2.58a to 36.87 ± 4.87b) when cooked by steaming method and cooled in the fridge at 4 °C for 12 hours. The cooking methods only had a significant increase in the resistant starch of yam only when cooked by conventional boiling method and cooled at room temperature (2.00 ± 0.53a to 5.28 ± 0.18b), though all the cooking methods generally had a decrease in the non-resistant starch contents of yam except the conventional boiling method when cooled at room temperature (84.53 ± 2.60a to 82.55 ± 5.12a).

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Toxicological Significance of the Occurrence of Selenium in Foods

Caloric Restriction Diet (CR diet) or Mediterranean Diet (MD) - Which is the Best Choice for Former Athletes?

Nutrition therapy of patients as therapeutical management process

A review on drug-diet interaction

Determination and correlation of physicochemical properties of aqueous extracts from edible portions of common tropical fruits

The relationship between the consumption of functional beverages and the use of other stimulants by high school students in Poland

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Meats Singed with Kerosene and Waste Tyres: A Case for Public Health Concern in Nigeria

Applications of Arthrospira platensis as an Alternative Source of Food, Maintaining Nutritional Security and Awareness Creation; there by Reducing Problems of Malnutrition in the Society

Measurement the natural radioactivity of Sheep meat samples from Karbala governorate

EDIBLE MUSHROOMS IN PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN DISEASES

Caffeine and neurodegenerative disorders

Selected eating habitS in upper Secondary School: adoleScentS from the region of podkarpacie

Distribution of selected metals and phytochemicals in seeds and peels extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Nutritional preferences of children and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in grades 1-3 of primary schools in Kraków and Myślenice county

Enzymatic Hydrolytic Evaluation of Different Cooking Methods on Resistant Starch of Yam and Rice