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Previous ex vivo experiments by others suggest that elevated body temperature can prime the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. The mechanism of the priming phenomenon induced by temperature has not been addressed so far. Furthermore, the priming temperature range was not defined. In the present study we explored, under in vitro conditions, the influence of febrile.range temperatures on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by human peripheral blood neutrophils. ROS production was measured using whole.blood luminol.dependent chemiluminescence. Two elements of signal transduction pathways, calcium and p38 mitogen.activated protein kinase alpha (p38MAPK alpha), frequently underlying neutrophil priming were also examined. Calcium levels in the cytosol of resting and fMLP.stimulated isolated neutrophils were measured with the Fura.2AM spectrofluorimetric method. The activity of p38MAPK alpha was assessed indirectly with a specific inhibitor of the kinase, SB 203580. The study revealed a priming effect at 38?C toward human peripheral blood neutrophil ROS production. Any con. comitant effect on calcium response was not observed. Instead, experiments with SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK alpha, pointed to an increased activity of the kinase as a molecular background of temperature.induced priming. However, the priming effect of temperature was confined to 38?C, while higher temperatures proved to exert no effect (39 and 40?C) or even inhibited ROS generation by neutrophils (43?C). Our study suggests a heterogeneous influence of temperature on human neutrophil functioning, including the prim. ing of the cells by a low.febrile.range temperature. It also suggests a p38MAPK alpha dependent molecular background of the priming phenomenon.
EN
The morphometrical and volumetrical changes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during the fetal period of development were analyzed by digital-image analysis system (DIAS). Examinations were performed on 304 MCAs from 152 brains of human fetuses ranging from the 12th to 40th weeks of gestation. MCAs were analyzed with respect to its branching from the internal carotid artery and its division into the main cortical branches. No statistically significant differences were found between the mean values of the diameter, length and volume of the left and right M1 segments of the MCAs in all studied age groups.
EN
Studies of the specific heat and simultaneous AC magnetic susceptibility (ρ') and electric resistance of stoichiometric magnetite single crystal are presented. The temperature hysteresis of the Verwey transition is of 0.03 K found from the specific heat data confirming its first-order character. The continuous temporal change of ρ' at T_V can be switched off by an external magnetic field without affecting the transition. The electrical resistance decreases continuously with increasing temperature with a rapid change of slope at the point when the phase transition is completed. It was concluded that the magnetic degrees of freedom do not actively participate in the transition and that the entropy released at T_V may come from ordering electrons.
EN
Introduction: The luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (LBCL) assay is a rapid assay for the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by circulating phagocytes. This study's aim was to determine if patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have altered LBCL and if dialysis itself affects ROS production in the blood. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six HD patients, 11 non-dialyzed patients with CRF, and 20 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were studied. Resting (rCl) and 210?5 M n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated LBCL (peak chemiluminescence: pCl, total light emission after agonist addition: tCl) calculated per 104 phagocytes present in the 3-l blood samples were measured with a Bio-Orbit? 1251 luminometer at 37?C for 11 min. Results: Prior to the HD session, median rCL, pCL, and tCL were 1.5, 3.0, and 2.8 times higher in HD patients than in healthy controls (p<0.01) and tended to increase at the end of the session. Significant increases in tCl were observed at 30 min and 240 min (end) of HD (1023.5 vs. 1810.6 vs. 2006.8 arbitrary unitss/104 phagocytes, n=9, p<0.05). Median pCl and tCl were 5.0 and 4.3 times higher in non-dialyzed patients with CRF than in healthy controls (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were found between pre- and post-HD LBCL of HD patients and the LBCL of non-dialyzed patients with renal failure. Conclusions: Blood from patients with renal failure generates elevated amounts of oxidants independently of HD treatment. This may add to the understanding of the nature of oxidative stress and suggests the need of antioxidant treatment in these patients.
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