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Open Chemistry
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 9
1423-1430
EN
Abstract The dualist of an [n]diamondoid consists of vertices situated in the centers of each of the n adamantane units, and of edges connecting vertices corresponding to units sharing a chair-shaped hexagon of carbon atoms. Since the polycyclic structure of diamondoids is rather complex, so is their nomenclature. For specifying chemical constitution or isomerism of all diamondoids the Balaban-Schleyer graph-theoretical approach based on dualists has been generally adopted. However, when one needs to indicate the location of C and H atoms or of a substituent in a diamondoid or the stereochemical relationships between substituents, only the IUPAC polycycle nomenclature (von Baeyer nomenclature) provides the unique solution. This is so since each IUPAC name is associated with a unique atom numbering scheme. Diamondoids are classified into catamantanes (which can be regular or irregular), perimantanes, and coronamantanes. Regular catamantanes have molecular formulas C4n+6H4n+12. Among regular catamantanes, the rigid blade-shaped zigzag catamantanes (so called because their dualists consist of a zigzag line with a code of alternating digits 1 and 2) exhibit a simple pattern in their von Baeyer nomenclature. Their carbon atoms form a main ring with 4n + 4 atoms, and the remaining atoms form two 1-carbon bridges. All zigzag [n]catamantanes with n > 2 have quaternary carbon atoms, and the first bridgehead in the main ring is such an atom. Their partitioned formula is Cn−2(CH)2n+4(CH2)n+4. As a function of their parity, IUPAC names based on the von Baeyer approach have been devised for all zigzag catamantanes, allowing the unique location for every C and H atom. The dualist of such a zigzag catamantane defines a plane bisecting the molecule, and the stereochemical features of hydrogens attached to secondary carbon atoms can be specified relatively to that plane. Graphical abstract [...]
EN
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan reacts by nucleophilic substitution with phenoxide anions derived from estriol (2c), ethynylestradiol (2d), phenol (3e), guaiacol (3f), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (3g), eugenol (3h), isoeugenol (3i), the cytostatic Etoposide (4), and Reichardt’s betaine (5) in the presence of crown ethers affording the corresponding 4-aryloxy-7-nitrobenzofurazan derivatives 6c, 6d, 7e-7i, 8, and 9. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by NMR spectra. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity parameters were investigated by reverse phase thin-layer chromatography.
EN
Starting from N-hydroxyphthalimide (5) and 1,3-dibromopropane (6) we obtained 1,3-bis(phthalimidooxy)propane (7) which led to 1,3-bis(aminooxy)propane dihydrochloride (8). From its reaction with picryl chloride or 4-cyano-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene, the two title compounds (4b, 4a) were obtained. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra are presented. For comparison with the analogous N-methoxy-2,6-dinitro-4-R-anilines 1a, 1b (R=CN or R=NO2), wer report the hydrophobic characteristics (by RPTLC), electronic spectra for the neutral compounds and their anions, pKa values, and the behavior towards oxidizers (DPPH, PbO2, Pb(CH3COO)4, KMnO4 and Ag2O); DPPH converts compounds 1a, 1b and 4a, 4b into betainic structures 2a, 2b respectively.
EN
Starting from N-hydroxyphthalimide 1 and the reactive fluoro- or chloro-nitroaryl derivatives 2, 3 and 4a-e (2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine; 3, NBD-chloride; 4a, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; 4b, picryl chloride; 4c, 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride; 4d, 2-chloro-3,5- dinitrobenzotrifluoride; 4e, 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid) the corresponding N-(2-nitroaryloxy)-phthalimide derivatives 5a-e, or 6 and 7 were obtained and characterized by IR, UV-Vis 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The TLC behavior and the hydrophobicity of these derivatives have been experimentally evaluated by RM0 parameters (using RP-TLC). The experimental RM0 parameters were compared with the calculated partition coefficient, log P. A QSPR study was also performed to establish possible correlations between the structure and physical properties (λmax and RM0) of compounds 5a-e, 6, and 7. [...]
EN
An interesting observation was made when studying the SNAr reaction between several 4-aryloxy-7-nitrobenzofurazans (2) and several amino acids leading to the apparition of detectable fluorescence from the substitution products3. Acidic amino acids reacted very slowly=while basic amino acids react fastest with2 having an unsubstituted phenyl or a 4-formyl-phenyl Ar group. Amongst neutral amino acids, proline reacts fastest at room temperature after 100 min. With2 having a methoxy-subtituted Ar group.
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