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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition and Muscle Mass Distribution in Advanced Kayakers

100%
Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T.
Human Movement
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 1
11-16
EN
Purpose. The study aims at assessment of body composition and muscle mass distribution in advanced kayakers. Kayak paddlers should be characterized by large body mass with a significant percentage of muscle mass, especially in the trunk region. Basic procedures. The sample consisted of 26 kayakers. The body composition and muscle mass distribution were determined based on bioelectrical impedance analysis. Main findings. The subjects had large muscle mass and average fat mass. The percentage of body fat mass in the kayakers was observed to increase with age, whereas the muscle mass percentage decreased, with the exception of the limbs. Conclusions. BIA of body composition and distribution of muscle mass should be a standard diagnostic method to collect data on proper adaptation of kayakers to their training programs.
2
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Women's Free Time Versus Professional Work and Family and Household Duties

81%
Nowak M., Radzińska M., Rynkiewicz T.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 2
182-189
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to determine correlations between ways of spending free time and work-related and family-household duties among women taking part in physical recreation activities for many years. Basic procedures. The study included 1,104 women, aged 20 to 75, exercising in organized groups in cities of western Poland. The length of the respondents' physical activity history was defined by the number of years of doing exercise. The study used the diagnostic poll method and complementary survey techniques verified in a pilot study. The research results were analyzed qualitatively and statistically (χ2 test of independence, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple comparisons z-test). Main findings. The shortest length of physical activity (one year) was characteristic of women-mothers with children at the pre-school or school age, burdened with household chores and working jobs. At the same time, respondents with a shorter length of physical activity (under four years) spent more of their free time watching television both on weekdays and weekends. Conclusions. A comparison between the weekly volume of time of women's participation in physical exercise and the amount of time devoted to watching television proves that apart from the existence of objective barriers connected with the real work-related and family-household responsibilities, involvement in physical activity remains more of a question of the subjects' personal preferences and choices rather than having free time. Long-lasting physical activity is the decisive factor influencing the choice of active forms of spending free time.
3
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Asymmetry of Spinal Segments Mobility in Canoeists and its Relationship with Racing Speed

81%
Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T., Starosta W.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 36
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issue 1
37-43
EN
The aim of this study was to determine the extent of asymmetry of spinal segment mobility in canoeists. Moreover, the relationship between this parameter and racing speed was analyzed. The study included 18 canoeists with a mean age of 16.4 years. Mobility of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, in sagittal, coronal and transverse planes, was measured with the aid of a tensometric electrogoniometer. The racing speed was based on results achieved during the qualifying competition for the Polish national team. Spinal mobility was measured within two days after the competition. Significant associations were observed between average racing speed and the asymmetry coefficients of the cervical (r=-0.52; p=0.03) and lumbar spinal flexure in the coronal plane (r=0.57; p=0.01). The extent of the asymmetry of the cervical spine flexure in the coronal plane should possibly be reduced, because such asymmetry exerts a negative effect on racing speed. In contrast, canoeist’s training should be oriented towards increasing the asymmetry of the lumbar spine flexure in the coronal plane. However, one should keep in mind that such an approach, although favorable in terms of race performance, could negatively affect the canoeist’s health.
4
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EXERCISE TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN CANOEISTS

71%
Morawin B., Rynkiewicz M., Orysiak J., Rynkiewicz T., Zembroń-Łacny A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2014
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vol. 8
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issue 4
27-34
EN
According to cytokine overtraining theory, skeletal muscle injuries are related to systemic inflammatory reaction. In response to inflammation, cells rapidly produce a series of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs).These are considered to be molecular chaperones which play a universal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Among the subset of stress-responsive proteins, HSP27 and HSP70 are considered to be a new approach to monitoring exercise training and adaptive mechanisms. The study was designed to demonstrate the effect of sport training on changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and HSPs, and their relation with muscle damage and body composition. Six elite canoeists (19.8 ±2.9 yr) were observed during preparatory training period (March) at the 1st, the 4th and after 7 days of the conditioning camp, and then after 3 days of recovery. The canoeing training did not induce muscle damage, decreased in IL-1β and HSP27, increased in TNFα and HSP70 concentrations. The highest changes in TNFα and HSP70 were observed 3 days after conditioning camp (during recovery) compared to initial level (the 1st day of conditioning camp). TNFα correlated with HSP27 (r = –0.563; P < 0.01) and HSP70 (r = 0.651; P < 0.001). Any significant changes in body composition were not observed. In conclusion, we could say that typical canoeing training improves cytokines and HSPs release, however, the changes are not related to muscle damage.
5
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Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

71%
Rynkiewicz M., Żurek P., Biernacki J., Pokrywka K., Rynkiewicz T.
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vol. 26
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issue 2
57-65
EN
The objectives of this study were to see if the general performance of kayakers depends on the level of their specific preparation and to identify the parameters of general preparedness that determine specific preparation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the result of a specific test: paddling over a 2000-m distance. Group 2 included kayakers whose paddling time did not exceed ±1 SD for the whole sample, while group 1 included the best athletes with paddling times shorter than –1 SD and group 3 individuals who needed more than +1 SD to cover the 2000-m distance. The study included 55 junior flatwater kayakers, represented various sports classes. All athletes manifested a similar level of endurance running, power and endurance pull and push barbell, 30 m running tests. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from sitting position of at 29%, 45% and 66% in each group and paddling for 2000 m time. All athletes manifested a similar level of general fitness preparation. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from a sitting position.
6
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Physical Performance, Body Composition and Body Balance in Relation to National Ranking Positions in Young Polish Tennis Players

52%
Karnia M., Garsztka T., Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T., Zurek P., Łuszczyk M., Śledziewska E., Ziemann E.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 2
113-123
EN
Background: Tennis is characterized with short and intermittent efforts of an altering intensity and time where numerous factors determine the achieved success. Some of them include human's morphological body build, motor abilities and efficiency of the energetic systems. Both motor abilities and physical capacity appear to be particularly significant due to the unpredictable time and weather situation of the tournaments. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition, aerobic capacity and the balance in young tennis players at rest and during fatigue triggered by an endurance test. Moreover, we tried to find the correlation between the tennis ranking position and the balance.Material/Methods: Well-trained 16 young tennis players (15 and 17 years old, singles national ranking 3-39, average training experience of 9 years) took part in this study. They were assigned to two groups according to their age - 15 TG and 17 TG. Participants completed the same battery of body composition, aerobic, and body balance assessments. Body balance measurement was repeated twice - before and after the aerobic assessment.Results: The main finding of this study points out the body balance to be a motor ability influencing results achieved in the specific tennis drill. This connection was observed in both of the tested groups; however, it was particularly significant within 17 TG.Conclusions: The presented study does not point out the main factor to focus on when conducting a career of a professional tennis player regardless of the numerous tests and measurements included in the analysis observed. Interesting correlations may suggest that for the players in a developmental age it is speed and balance that ought to be more intensively developed.
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