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Drogi rozkładu skrobi w roślinach

100%
Dąbrowska A.
Kosmos
|
2009
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1-2
211-220
EN
Starch is the main storage material in higher plants. It is accumulated both in chloroplasts (transitory starch) and in non-photosynthetic tissues (storage starch), in the form of starch granules composed of amylose and amylopectin. Transitory starch accumulated during the day is almost completely degraded at night, when it serves as the main source of energy for the cell metabolism. The biochemical pathway of starch degradation in chloroplasts has been fully characterized only in Arabidopsis thaliana. This process can be divided into two steps: the release of soluble glucans from the granule by α-amylase and further degradation of these glucans by β-amylase and de-branching enzymes. The main product of this degradation pathway is β-maltose, which is afterwards metabolized in the cytosol. The degradation of transitory starch is a periodic process, regulated by the circadian clock, starch phosphorylation and enzyme activity. Storage starch is accumulated for longer periods of time in non-photosynthetic parts of the plant such as cereal and legume seeds, roots, tubers or rhizomes. In these organs the enzymatic reactions, which lead to storage starch degradation and their regulation are different than in the case of transitory starch, and they vary significantly between species. An interesting pathway of starch degradation control, unknown in other species, has been discovered in the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. At the end of the vegetative season this water plant forms turions - resting fronds which sink to the bottom of ponds and lakes, and germinate when conditions become favorable. Turions contain starch as a storage material which helps them survive the period of dormancy and, during germination, provide energy for growth of new fronds. Both germination of turions and starch degradation are induced by light and controlled by phytochrome B. The germination response to light is mediated by a low fluence response (LFR), whereas starch degradation can be controlled by a red light-dependent low fluence response or a far red-dependent high irradiance response (HIR). The processes of germination and starch degradation, although independently controlled, are closely connected. Response to a starch degradation-inducing signal is possible only under condition that germination is sufficiently advanced and the new sprout is ready to receive the degradation products. If this is not the case the light-induced signal can be stored until the sprout is formed.
2
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Zaburzenia zachowania i emocji w zespole Tourette’a

63%
Dąbrowska A., Steinborn B.
Neurologia Dziecięca
|
2019
|
vol. 28
|
issue 57
41-45
EN
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterizedby the co-occurrence of motor and vocal tics. TSusually begins in childhood and its symptoms may also persistinto adulthood. Most patients with TS are diagnosed withcomorbidities that can significantly affect the clinical pictureof the disease. The article presents behavioral and emotionaldisorders that are most often diagnosed in people with TS,namely: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, conduct disorder(CD) and self-injurious behaviour (SIB).
PL
Zespół Tourette’a (TS) jest zaburzeniem neurorozwojowym, które charakteryzuje się współwystępowaniem tików motorycznych i wokalnych. Zaburzenie zwykle ma swój początek w dzieciństwie, a jego objawy mogą utrzymywać się również w okresie dorosłości. U większości pacjentów z TS rozpoznaje się zaburzenia współwystępujące, które mogą w znaczącym stopniu wpływać na obraz kliniczny choroby. W artykule przedstawiono zaburzenia zachowania i emocji, które są diagnozowane u osób z TS najczęściej, a mianowicie: zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD), zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjne (OCD), depresję, zaburzenia zachowania (CD) oraz zachowania samookaleczające (SIB).
3
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Metody oceny funkcji poznawczych u dzieci chorych na padaczkę leczonych dietą ketogenną

63%
Dąbrowska A., Steinborn B.
Neurologia Dziecięca
|
2019
|
vol. 28
|
issue 57
23-28
EN
The ketogenic diet is an alternative method of epilepsy treatmentapplied when pharmacotherapy turns out to be ineffective.Among this group of patients cognitive disorders areoften diagnosed. Deficits may concern one or more complexprocesses. The article proposes methods of assessing cognitivefunction which can be useful in the neuropsychologicaldiagnosis of children treated with the ketogenic diet. The useof these methods plays an important role in determining thelevel of patients’ functioning in relation to developmental normsand allows observation of cognitive changes during the therapy.
PL
Dieta ketogenna jest alternatywną metodą leczenia padaczki, stosowaną w przypadku chorych, u których farmakoterapia nie przynosi oczekiwanych efektów. Wśród tej grupy pacjentów bardzo często stwierdza się występowanie nieprawidłowości w przebiegu funkcji poznawczych. Deficyty mogą dotyczyć pojedynczych lub bardziej złożonych procesów. W artykule zaproponowano metody oceny funkcji poznawczych, które mogą być użyteczne w diagnozie neuropsychologicznej dzieci chorych na padaczkę leczonych przy wykorzystaniu diety ketogennej. Zastosowanie tych narzędzi pełni istotną rolę w określaniu poziomu funkcjonowania pacjentów w odniesieniu do norm rozwojowych oraz pozwala na obserwację zmian poznawczych w trakcie terapii.
4
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Potassium trans-[bis(oxalato)diaquacobaltate(II)] tetrahydrate: synthesis, structure, potentiometric and thermal studies

51%
Chylewska A., Sikorski A., Dąbrowska A., Chmurzyński L.
Open Chemistry
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
8-15
EN
The title compound, trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, was synthesised, and characterised by elemental analysis. Acid dissociation constants for the complex were determined by potentiometric titration and calculated by STOICHIO program. The crystal structure of trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The asymmetric part of the unit cell contains one symmetric anion of oxalate and water molecule bound with Co(II) ion in crystallographic special position, one potassium cation and two molecules of water. Thermal properties of the complex were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A decomposition mechanism is proposed on the basis of the results.
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