Finding solutions for regional waste management systems is task that requires difficult decisions. This paper presents and evaluates alternative solutions to this problem using the example of solution of this system by an example of the waste management in Zabrze. These strategies were assessed using measurable economic, environmental and social criteria. Subsequently, by using multi-criteria analysis for evaluating various aspects, the most favorable variant in terms of compromise was selected. This solution concerns the expansion of the existing waste sorting plant in the city through the addition of elements of mechanical-biological waste treatment. This option does not provide for the construction of installations for waste incineration.
The problem of radioactive wastes concerns all developed countries in which nuclear energy has become common in practically all spheres of life and economy. Radioactive wastes require special treatment connected with their processing, transport and temporary and permanent storage in surface and underground stockpiles in chosen rock outcroppings. The paper presents types of radioactive wastes formed in Poland, criteria of their division and classification, methods of neutralization and utilization. Systems of barriers for radioactive wastes stockpiles protecting the environment are presented, especially conditions resulting from geological structure and soil properties, which form a natural protective barrier.
The article presents the results of the researches of waste accumulation made in the city and municipality of Skawina in May–November 2010 term. Skawina is forty thousand village, situated in Małopolska Province about 15 km southwest of Krakow. The researches were conducted non-investment. They were made within the confines of working on engineering thesis pursuant to agreement between City Council of Skawina municipality and Faculty of Environmental Engineering Cracow University of Technology. These researches were the continuation of researches having been conducted from 2006. It was a chance to show the tendency of waste accumulation changes taking a small city into consideration. The results obtained fit into the limits of literature data and can be used as an input in the estimation of indicators for similar settlements. Municipality Skawina also used the results to the calculation of charges for using of the waste management system and the design features and the form of that system.
The paper presents the adaptive, reactive computer assistance system design methodology, making modelling, analysis, and testing possible of the integrated waste management systems. The presented model is defined in a multilayer open architecture, i.e.-, it consists of the logical spaces of the constituent models (submodels) of the object classes and real processes of the waste management system. Topics covered by the paper include elements of a literature review on the modelling of systems and waste management processes, review of the programming environments employed, as well as a description of the object- -oriented waste management systems design methodology.
The paper presents the influence of meteorological and local terrain conditions for the possibility of the spread of pollutants in ambient air from the surface sources of pollution e.g. landfills. The spread of pollutants in ambient air, in the form of so-called “cloud of pollution” can reach a few hundred meters from the landfill. Many years of observation and research in the areas covered by the authors waste disposal indicates that the essential elements affect the behavior of a cloud of pollutants over the area of the landfill are: degree of vertical air stability, wind direction and speed and nature of air turbulence, precipitation, and shape and type of land cover. All these factors should be taken into account when assessing the site in terms of its suitability for the prospective location of the landfill as well as adequate security at the design stage anti-migration.
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the changes of the mass and amounts of organic substances and combustible elements in a biodegradation process. The prepared sample of organic waste constituted the material used for the tests. The composting process was being carried out for 9 weeks in field conditions. The samples for analyses were collected every 7 days. The content of a biodegradable fraction was determined according to the procedure described in the standard of PN - EN 15169: 2007 "Characterization of waste-Determination of loss on ignition in waste, sludge and sediments". Reduction of the mass of the organic waste during the composting process amounted to 35%. A significant content of organic fraction (about 60-70% after 9 weeks) remains in the composted waste; and the content of combustible elements is reduced (by about 30%.)
The paper presents application of multicriteria analysis for selection of the best technology of a small wastewater treatment plant. The calculations performed for two plant capacities and various effluent standards are based on compromise programming method. For each plant’s capacity the three different treatment technologies are considered. The selection of the best technology is done with a define set of sustainability criteria. The proposed method can be used for selection of the best treatment technology and the technical solution at the stage of wastewater system planning and designing as well as for evaluation of already operated plants from sustainability standpoint.
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