This review highlights the fundamentals and the most prominent advances in the field of HPLC instrumentation over the last decades. Fundamental aspects and practical considerations of column switching, conventional (heart-cut) and comprehensive two-dimensional LC are presented. Different aspects of microcolumn- and nanoliquid-chromatography are reviewed. Recent progress in column technology and the demands and developments in instrumentation and accessories for miniaturized LC are also discussed. In the field of miniaturization, particularly in chip-based nano-LC systems, some aspects on micro-fluidic chip fabrication, using particle-packed HPLC microchips or polymer-based monoliths, are addressed. An introduction to ultra performance LC (UPLC) is also presented.
The first HPLC method for the separation of three paraben preservatives (methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens) using a core-shell analytical column is reported in this study. The separation was completed in less than 8 min at a low flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 and an isocratic mobile phase containing 20% acetonitrile as organic modifier. The backpressure was HPLC equipment. The proposed analytical procedure was validated for linearity (0.5–20 µg L−1), limits of detection (15–43 µg L−1) and quantification (50–142 µg L−1), selectivity, within day (1.3–1.5%) and day-to-day (3.4–4.6%) precision and accuracy. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of the selected paraben preservatives in commercially available hygiene wipes. The mean percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.0–98.4%. [...]
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