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BIOPOLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON LIGNIN AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CHITOSAN

100%
Kopania E., Wiśniewska-Wrona M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2016
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vol. 21
122-134
EN
The article presents method of extracting lignin from hardwood and softwood after chemical treatment. Lignin fractions were extracted from black liquid (the by-product of pulp and paper industry), in a different reaction environment. Biopolymer composites were obtained by combining extracted lignin fraction and microcrystalline chitosan, which can be used as preparations for innovative biopolymer materials that are applicable in medical and hygienic products. The studies were performed in order to evaluate MCCh/Lignin composites to suitability to construction of dressing materials in the form of sponges. The MCCh/Lignin composites were tested for different properties: mechanical, sorption and absorption. The obtained lignin fractions and MCCh/Lignin composites were characterized by different structures and chemical purity as confirmed by FTIR spectra.
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BIOPOLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON GALACTOGLUCOMANNANS (GGMS) AND MICRYSTALINE CHITOSAN (MCCH)

100%
Kopania E., Wiśniewska-Wrona M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2015
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vol. 20
110-121
EN
The article presents a method of extracting galactoglucomannas (GGMs) from softwood (spruce). GGMs were extracted using thermal and enzymatic treatment in an aqueous environment. The extracted GGMs, depending on the extraction method, were characterized by different composition of simple carbohydrates i.e. glucose, galactose and mannose, as well as by the average molecular weight. Evaluation of the composition of GGMs obtained was performed using GC/MS and SEC. Biopolymer composites were obtained by combining GGMs and microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh), which can be used as preparations for plant protection and growth stimulation. The studies were performed in order to evaluate biological activity of composites based on Petri dish test in which their ability to stimulate seed germination of selected plants was estimated. The effect of plant growth stimulation depended on GGMs composition of simple carbohydrates. GC/MS and SEC chromatographic tests and 13C NMR analysis enabled to establish the composition and structural changes of the obtained GGMs and biocomposites
3
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BIOPOLYMER COMPOSITIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND GROWTH STIMULATION OF PLANTS

61%
Niekraszewicz A., Wiśniewska-Wrona M., Kopania E., Orlikowski L., Pospieszny H., Krawczyk K.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2012
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vol. 17
149 - 162
EN
Presented herein are investigations in the preparation of an advanced , human-and environmentfriendly plant protection composition based on selected bioactive biopolymers of the polysaccharide family. In the Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres the biopolymers were prepared and the biological activity of chitosan in the form of salt and gel and of hemicelluloses (galactoglucomannans) and of their compositions was tentatively evaluated by way of plate tests. Estimated was the impact of such preparations upon the stimulation of the germination rate of radish seeds at concentration of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.005% after 72 hours. The efficacy of the preparations was evaluated based on the number of germinated seeds in the green mass of the sprouts and their length in comparison to a reference in water at pH = 7.0. In Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland the usefulness of selected iopolymer preparations was evaluated as agents to protect decorative plants against some pathogens (on leaves, in soil) such as Phytophtora cryptogea causing decay of shoots and roots. It could be found that the biopolymer compositions applied to the soil provided a much better rooting of chrysanthemum cuttings in a Phytophtora cryptogea - infected soil. The cuttings were growing much faster and the number of infected ones was largely reduced. The usefulness of a number of chitosan formulations was also evaluated for seed pickling. It was found that the formulations exerted a distinctly positive impact upon the germination, growth and health of the seedlings. Laboratory and greenhouse testing was made in the Institute of Plant Protection, Poznań, Poland where the biological activity of some biopolymer compositions was evaluated. A first selection of the biopolymers was done based on an in vitro examination of the impact upon bacteria growth. (Gram negative - Erwinia amylovora and Gram positive Clavibacter ichiganensis ) on agar or agarose plates and upon the generation of necrotic stains on beans and tobacco caused by lucerne mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus respectively. It was found that the preparations with original biopolymer concentration had not affected the viruses directly but stimulated the plants’ immunity against the pathogens.
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