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The importance of liver lesions and changes to biochemical and coagulation factors in the pathogenesis of RHD

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Trzeciak-Ryczek A., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Deptuła W.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
169-171
EN
RHDV (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus) is an etiologic factor of RHD (rabbit haemorrhagic disease), which is highly morbid and mortal viral infection of an adult European rabbit. Although three decades have passed since the first outbreak of rabbit haemorrhagic disease, the pathogenesis of RHD has still not been fully elucidated. It is known that RHDV replicates in the liver within the first hours following infection, causing necrotic and apoptotic cell death of hepatocytes. Anatomopathological changes are also observed in other organs of infected rabbits, i.e. lungs, spleen, kidneys, heart, as well as central nerve system. These changes leading to animals death are predominantly caused by systemic hemorrhagic diathesis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), appearing most likely as a consequence of liver cell loss through RHDV-induced apoptosis. In this paper, we presented previously described changes in biochemical and coagulation factors in RHDV infection.
2
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Stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (PB) in viral infections

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Malinowska M., Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Deptuła W.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 2
183-188
EN
During reaction to stress caused by viral infection, RNA granules are formed in order to protect mRNA. Stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (PB) provide cell homeostasis and mRNA stability. They are formed, for example, during polio virus and MRV (mammalian orthoreovirus) infections. Some viruses, such as influenza virus and HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic virus 1), block the formation of granules. In addition, there are viruses like West Nile Virus, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) or human Herpes viruses, which influence the functioning of the granules.
3
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Sekrecyjna immunoglobulina klasy M (SIgM)

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Adamiak M., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Deptuła W.
Kosmos
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2013
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vol. 62
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issue 4
507-512
PL
Immunoglobuliny klasy M to pentameryczne białka określane jako tzw. "immunoglobuliny pierwszego rzutu" produkowane przez limfocyty B. Wśród IgM wyróżnia się formę sekrecyjną (SIgM), która z kolei dzieli się na naturalne i odpornościowe SIgM. Sekrecyjna immunoglobulina klasy M występuje głównie we krwi i bierze udział w utrzymaniu homeostazy limfocytów B, w zakażeniach bakteryjnych, wirusowych, grzybiczych i pasożytniczych, a także w procesach zapalnych, chorobach autoimmunologicznych i miażdżycy. SIgM wiąże antygeny, aktywuje proces fagocytozy i cytotoksyczności komórkowej zależnej od przeciwciał, stanowi także ważny element odporności nabytej, gdyż jako pierwsza pojawia się w odpowiedzi na obecność antygenu. Ponadto, SIgM wspomaga nakierowywanie ciałek apoptotycznych na makrofagi poprzez rekrutacje składnika C1q dopełniacza, usprawniając proces eliminacji produktów apoptozy. Należy dodać, że przeprowadzone do tej pory badania nad tą klasą immunoglobulin wskazują, iż obecność SIgM, szczególnie naturalnej, nie zawsze przynosi pozytywny skutek dla makroorganizmu. Zaobserwowano to w przypadku chorób autoimmunizacyjnych i stanów zapalnych. Jest to jednak ważne i wielofunkcyjne białko mające zdolność do wiązania się z infekującymi organizm drobnoustrojami.
EN
Immunoglobulins of class M are pentameric proteins produced by B lymphocytes. Among the IgM's a secretory form (SIgM) is distinguished, which in turn may occur in natural and immune SIgM forms. Secretory immunoglobulin M class occurs mainly in the blood and is involved in B cell homeostasis, bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, as well as in inflammatory processes, autoimmune diseases, and atherosclerosis. SIgM binds antigens, activates the process of phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. It is also an important component of acquired immunity, because it appears as the first in response to an antigen. In addition, SIgM supports the guiding apoptotic cells by macrophages recruitment of complement component C1q to streamline the process of elimination of apoptotic cells. It should be noted that research carried out so far on this class of immunoglobulins indicates that the presence of SIgM, especially in the natural form, does not always produce a positive effect on macroorganizm. This was observed in the case of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, it is the important and multifunctional protein having the ability to bind to a microbial cells infecting organism.
4
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Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) strains

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Hukowska-Szematowicz B., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Deptuła W.
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 4
459-465
EN
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) belongs to the family Caliciviridae and is the etiological agent of the haemorrhagic disease, also known as rabbit plague. Its genome is a linear single-stranded (ss) RNA of 7437 nucleotides and the capsid is built from a single structural protein VP60. In connection with the discovery of new RHDV strains, there is a constant need to investigate the genetic variation of this virus and perform phylogenetic analyses which may show the evolutionary relationships among the RHDV strains. Studies on the divergence of RHDV have shown that it is genetically quite stable, although recent observations indicate that some new RHDV strains, significantly different from the original RHDV subtype and the new RHDVa subtype, are appearing. These latest findings suggest that a new group of RHDV strains has evolved. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetic variation and the latest achievements in phylogenetic analyses of RHDV strains isolated in various countries.
5
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Mechanisms of type I interferon action and its role in infections and diseases transmission in mammals

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Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Deptuła W.
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 2
199-205
EN
Interferons (IFNs) are pivotal regulators of immunological processes. This paper describes mainly type I interferons -α and -β and their recently recounted signaling pathways, especially connected with ISGs - interferon stimulated genes, having a crucial role in regulating IFN recruitment. Moreover, the paper shows the data on the role of interferons -α and -β in infections - not only commonly known viral infections, but also bacterial, fungal and parasitic.
6
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Apoptosis of peripheral blood leucocytes in rabbits infected with different strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

76%
Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P., Hukowska-Szematowicz B., Tokarz-Deptuła B., Trzeciak-Ryczek A., Działo J., Deptuła W.
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 1
65-69
EN
The pathogenicity of RHDV (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus) is mainly associated with its affinity to blood vessels, with causing disseminated intravascular coagulations (DIC), and with the stimulation of the host immune system. Moreover, there are implications suggesting that apoptosis may be a pivotal process in understanding the basis of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits - a serious infectious disease causing mortality to wild and domestic rabbits. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by means of flow cytometry, the dynamics of apoptosis in peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes in rabbits experimentally infected with seven different strains of RHDV and so-called antigenic variants of RHDV denominated as RHDVa, i.e.: Hungarian 24V/89, 1447V/96, 72V/2003; Austrian 01-04, 237/04, V-412 and French 05-01. The results showed that all of the RHDV and RHDVa strains cause an increase in the number of apoptotic cells throughout the infection, which might indicate the need for further analysis of the importance of this process.
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