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EN
The work presents the role of selected microRNA molecules (miRNA) and their participation in intracellular mechanisms determining the phenomenon of carcinogenesis and the progression of neoplastic changes. It focuses on the problems related to the role of miRNA as oncogenes or suppressor genes. The authors review the latest literature on the importance of selected microRNAs in the neoplasmatic process, including cancers of the head and neck region.
PL
Praca prezentuje rolę wybranych cząsteczek microRNA (miRNA) i ich udział w mechanizmach wewnątrzkomórkowych determinujących zjawisko kancerogenezy i progresję zmian nowotworowych. Koncentruje się na problematyce związanej z  rolą miRNA jako onkogenów lub genów supresorowych. Autorzy dokonują przeglądu najnowszego piśmiennictwa dotyczącego znaczenia wybranych microRNA w procesie neoplazmatycznym, w tym rakach regionu głowy i szyi.
EN
Preseptal orbital cellulitis and orbital abscess are rare post-traumatic late orbital complications. Authors reported a case of anterior orbital abscess following craniofacial trauma in a 47-year-old men. Diagnostic procedures, therapeutic intervention were presented and literature reviewed.
EN
The aim of the study was clinical evaluation of the results following reconstruction with the Indian flap in patients with partial nasal defects, and estimation of their postoperative life quality in functional and aesthetic aspects. Material and methods. We analyzed results in 38 patients who underwent reconstructions with the Indian flap in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery between years 2000‑2013. The patients were followed-up for at least 2 years. We estimated their life quality in aesthetic and functional aspects after surgery. Results. Observed complications of nasal reconstruction were alar asymmetry in 6 patients (15.8%), nasal obstruction in 6 persons (15.8%), wide postoperative scar in 4 (10.5%), and non-aesthetic appearance of the donor site in two cases (5.3%). Estimation of life quality post surgery in the examined group of patients revealed significant postoperative improvement in both functional and aesthetic aspects. Conclusions. 1. Reconstructions of nasal defects with the Indian flap resulted in satisfactory longterm postoperative results, which confirms the efficiency of the applied technique. 2. Reconstructive surgery with Indian flap of individuals with partial nasal defects contributed to significant postoperative improvement in both functional and aesthetic aspects and their life quality.
EN
Introduction. Results of studies analyzing the role of immunocompetent cells in tumor environment and whole peripheral blood indicate their responsibility for aggressiveness of neoplasm, prognosis and therapeutic effect. Atcivation of lymhocytes T is connected with expression the markers (antigens) on their surface. The aim of this study was the analysis of activation antigens expression on lymphocytes T in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and the connection with clinicomorphological features. Material and methods. Analysis of activation antigens expression CD69, CD71 and CD25, CD26, HLA/DR on lymphocytes T CD4+ i CD8+ in 33 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was performed. Flow cytometry-based analysis of activation antigens in T cell cultures with and without PHA stimulation was used. The connection of these molecules and clinicomorphological features was examined (pT, pN, G, Anneroth, Batsakis and Lunas’ classifi cation). Results. The significant correlation between chosen markers of activation and tumor features were noted: pT with HLA/DR/CD4, CD69CD8, CD71CD8, pN with CD26CD8, G with CD25CD8, CD71CD8, ABL score with CD25CD4. Conclusion. Our data indicated the connection of immunocompetent cell activity and spread of neoplasm in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
EN
The degree of activation of cells involved in cellular immune re-sponse against tumor antigens (cytotoxic lymphocytes Te) as well as efficiency of the mechanisms which promote immunosuppression (Treg - regulatory cells CD4±CD25±Foxp3±) may determine the course of the neoplastic disease. The aim of this study was to assess the function of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) involved in the immunological processes on the basis of expression of Foxp3 and RORgamma t molecules as well as analysis of the relationships with clinical and morphological features of the tumor (pT and pN stage, G feature, degree of invasiveness according to the TFG classification) in laryngeal carcinoma. Materia! and methods: The analysis included a group of 59 patients with verified squamous celt carcinoma of the larynx. In the pathologic evaluation pTNM classification criteria, depth of invasion and degree of histological dif-ferentiation were used. Expression levels of mRNA for Foxp3 and RORgamma t in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative analysis of the amplified product in real time (real-time RT2-PCR) were evaluated. The level of Foxp3 and RORgamma t protein expression by Western blot analysis was determined. Results: In squamous celt carcinomas of the larynx, with the highest tumor aggressiveness the significantly highest level of mRNA and protein expres-sion for Foxp3 molecule were observed. The severity of Foxp3 expression at both gene and protein level were positively linearly correlated with the degree of local extent of the tumor (pT3-4), depth of invasion (invasion of cartilage) and the degree of histological differentiation (low-differentiated tumors G3). In the study group of laryngeal cancers significantly lower level of RORgamma t expression in carcinomas with less invasive changes (pT1-2, high-differentiated tumors G1, carcinomas with microinvasion without evi-dence of invasion beyond the lamina propria) was also noted. Conclusions: The study results indicate the important role of immune celt activity as indicators of advancement of clinical and morphological changes in squamous celt carcinoma of the larynx.
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