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Raman Spectroscopy of Cubic HgS:Fe

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From the Raman spectra performed at temperatures from 10 K to 295 K for Hg_{1-x}Fe_{x}S crystals containing up to a few percent of iron the phonon energies for selected high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone have been determined. A very high ionicity of these mixed crystals has been found. The TO phonon frequency value for β-HgS at Γ point, equal to about 177 cm^{-1}, suggested previously in the literature, has been confirmed.
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In this paper we discuss a possibility of an optical characterization of thin semiconductor epilayers by Raman scattering measurements. As an example zinc blende Cd_{1-x}Mn_{x}Te epilayers (0.66 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy method and investigated by Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction. Information resulting from both methods is compared and discussed.
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Optical phonons in mercury chalcogenides doped with selected transition metal ions are investigated by infrared reflectivity and Raman scattering measurements performed at helium temperatures. The results obtained for Hg_{1-x}Fe_{x}Se, Ηg_{1-x}Co_{x}Se, Ηg_{1-x}Fe_{x}S and Hg_{1-x}Co_{x}S mixed crystals demonstrate the significant influence of the 3d electron correlation effects and/or sp-d hybridization on the transition metal ion local mode frequency.
EN
Collective excitations have been analyzed for Cd_{1-x}Mn_{x}Te epilayers (0.66 ≤ x ≤ 1) by the Raman scattering studies performed at temperatures from 7 K to 295 K. Apart from the lattice optical modes magnetic excitations (magnons) were observed at sufficiently low temperatures.
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Phonon excitations in (CdTe)_{12}/(MnTe)_{n} (100) superlattices (n=2, 4, 8) were investigated at 295 K and 25 K with the use of Raman scattering. From the "folded" phonon frequencies the elastic constant c_{11} value for MnTe was estimated. The strain arising from lattice mismatch (determined by X-ray diffraction) results in shifts of MnTe and CdTe "confined" LO phonon frequencies. For the precise determination of LO phonon dispersions an additional shift due to Mn diffusion at the CdTe/MnTe interface should be taken into account.
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One-magnon excitations in MBE-grown A_{1-x}Mn_{x}Te layers (where A = Cd, Zn, Mg and x>0.7) were investigated by means of the Raman scattering measurements at low temperatures (≈20 K). The composition dependence of the anisotropy energy - as extracted from these measurements - is discussed. Further, the elastic neutron scattering measurements were performed in layers of cubic MnTe, which constitute the end point material of the ternary alloys series. Abundance of variously oriented antiferromagnetic domains in MnTe layers as a function of temperature was studied. We confirm occurrence of a pronounced magnetostriction effect.
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Temperature dependence of the magnon frequency was studied for cubic MnTe epilayers by the Raman scattering measurements. Experimental data are compared to the results of theoretical calculations performed within the framework of the Heisenberg model using Green's function formalism.
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Structures containing magnetic metallic layers attract a lot of attention because of their possible applications in the area of spintronics. The hybrid structures compatible with the Si crystal lattice parameter are of special interest. In this work the short-period Fe/Si multilayers were grown by the sputtering onto (001)-oriented Si substrate and investigated by various techniques. After the deposition, all multilayers were characterized by atomic force microscopy. The goal of the present paper was to determine the chemical composition of thin layer created at the interface in Fe/Si multilayers due to the Fe diffusion into Si, as well as to analyze the phenomena, which take place in this area. The results of the optical characterization by the Raman scattering were correlated with the magnetic properties of investigated structures (determined by means of the Kerr rotation).
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The low dimensional structures containing III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors were intensively investigated in the last few years because of the variety of their potential applications. The aim of the present work was to study the interlayer exchange coupling in the short period GaMnAs/GaAs superlattices containing 16 or 8 GaMnAs monolayers. Samples with the magnetic layers corresponding to the mixed crystal composition with 5% or 6% of Mn were grown by MBE technique and characterized by both high-resolution X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering methods. Folded acoustic phonons were observed for the first time for this particular quantum system in the Raman scattering spectra. The interlayer exchange coupling in selected superlattices was investigated by both elastic neutron scattering (diffraction) and polarized neutron reflectivity measurements. Presence of the smooth interfaces and the stability of the superlattice period were confirmed by neutron reflectometry data. Ferromagnetic correlation of the magnetization vector in subsequent GaMnAs magnetic layers was demonstrated by both experimental methods.
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Optical phonon dispersion for β-HgS was measured by the neutron scattering for the first time. The results confirmed theoretically predicted anomalous behavior of phonon modes in this material, resulting probably from high ionicity of mercury sulphide and large difference of Hg and S atomic mass. Influence of the isotopic effects on the TO-phonon mode for HgSe and HgS is analyzed. The possible observation of such effects in IR reflectivity spectra taken for HgSe at low temperature is discussed.
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The Brillouin light scattering was used to investigate elastic properties of the zinc blende, MBE-grown MnTe layer that was deposited on a (001) GaAs substrate covered by CdTe buffer layer. The three elastic constants of the zinc blende MnTe, namely c_{11}, c_{12}, and c_{44}, were directly determined for the first time from the frequency of the Rayleigh mode, of the pseudo-surface mode, and of the shear horizontal bulk mode traveling parallel to the layer surface. The value of c_{11} was checked using the frequency of longitudinal bulk waves propagating at different angles from the normal of the layer plane. This value was also independently determined by results of the folding of acoustic phonons, observed for MnTe/CdTe superlattices by the Raman scattering. Finally, the bulk modulus given by the formula B=(c_{11}+2c_{12})/3 was determined for zinc blende MnTe by ab initio calculations making use of the density functional theory and atomic pseudopotentials; spin polarization of MnTe was taken into account. A satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental values was obtained.
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Raman scattering measurements on (MnTe)_{8}/(Cd_{0.64}Zn_{0.36}Te)_{8} multilayer grown by MBE method and on various (MnTe)_{n}/(CdTe)_{12} multilayers (where n=8,12,16,24) were performed at low temperatures. In the z̅(x,x)z polarization, structures corresponding to folded acoustic phonons were found. In z̅(x,y)z polarization new complex structures were observed in the low-frequency part of Raman scattering spectra. A possible magnetic origin of these structures is discussed.
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