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1
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Special Fitness Level and Sports Achievements of 15-16-Year-Old Pole Vaulters

100%
Kochanowicz K., Klimczyk M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 1
26-30
EN
Introduction. Control of specific performance indicators makes it possible to obtain the necessary information for determining dominant characteristics to program sports training taking into account the stage of advancement of sports and athletic performance prediction. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the most relevant specific performance indicators in athletes aged 15-16 years practicing the pole vault. Material and methods. The study involved 10 athletes at the first stage at the age of 15 and at the second at the age of 16 practicing pole vault, in the following clubs S.L. WKS, "Zawisza" Bydgoszcz, "Gwardia" Piła, "Śląsk" Wrocław. The study was conducted under training conditions and athletic competition in 2008-2009. The study utilized the method of pedagogical observation and case study. The research tools used involved evaluation of physical fitness and athletic fitness and sporting achievements, conducted during the competition period. To analyze the research results basic statistical methods were used. Conclusions. Special fitness growth dynamics indicators were determined, and analysis of the correlation of these indicators with the sporting achievement was performed. The highest correlation with the pole vault of 0.92 was recorded in an attempt to "fly" over the bar with rollover backwards while doing a handstand. A similar correlation of results was also shown by the special fitness analysis of three competitors with the best results in pole vault. However, in trials of running speed and muscle strength, each of the tested pole vaulters was characterized by an individual development profile.
2
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Model Characteristics of Special Fitness of Pole Vault Jumpers Aged 12-17

100%
Kochanowicz K., Klimczyk M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 3
161-171
EN
Background: The aim of the research was to define model characteristics of special fitness in pole vault jumpers of different age categories.Material/Methods: Experimental research was conducted between 2002 and 2009 involving 78 sportsmen doing pole vault at sports club "Zawisza" Bydgoszcz, "Gwardia" Piła, "Śląsk" Wrocław, pole vault centre Gdańsk, and TS "Olimpia" Poznań. In comprised: an assessment of physical development, testing physical fitness, and recording sports results.Results: An analysis of the contestants' physical development dynamics gave a chance to isolate significant moments of differentiation of somatic build features as a result of the applied training stimulus in pole vault.It can also be observed that the sportsmen achieving the best scores in pole vault achieved better results in particular physical fitness attempts than their peers.Results of a correlative analysis, taking into account statistical distribution, allowed defining special fitness indices in a uniform grading scale.Conclusions: The above grading scale allows assessing the level of development of particular indices in a normalised scale making it possible to compare them against the value of changes occurring during the training process.The analysis of particular indices in a uniform grading scale creates the basis for a generalised assessment of special preparation of pole vault jumpers, presentation of their individual model and programming further development. Generalised characteristics in qualitative and quantitative approach make it possible to define the level of special preparation in categories: high, above average, average, below average, low.The determination of model characteristics of pole vault jumpers aged 12-17 allowed defining specific trainings tasks and individualisation in programming and realization of training loads.
3
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Criteria of Initial Selection of Candidates for Artistic Gymnastics

100%
Kochanowicz K., Kochanowicz A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 1
75-84
EN
Background: The effectiveness of the training process and the level of sports results largely depend on the selection of candidates with appropriate psycho-physical predispositions and the efficiency of the training system. Therefore, selection for artistic gymnastics must be based on coaches' thorough knowledge regarding physical development, interdependence of particular systems and analysers, motor skills and mental determinants.The aim of the study was to develop quantitative criteria of initial selection of candidates for artistic gymnastics.Material/Methods: The study material comprised 319 boys aged 6 qualified for gymnastic training at the Interschool Sports Club and the Academic Sports Association of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk in 1998 and in years 2002-2008.Results: The application of study results of correlative and factor analyses allowed determining that in the group of control indices one should consider independent most representative tests. They include somatic build indices of selected motor skills and special fitness.Conclusions: On the basis of indices of asymmetry and the concentration of the values of results around the mean value, optimal parameters, which can be viewed as model characteristics, have been worked out.
4
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The somatic physique versus the sports result of tennis players of the Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza, Poland

100%
Kochanowicz K., Waldzinski T.
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EN
Background: Individuals who take up professional sport must comply with requirements dependent on the character of the discipline. The requirements refer to motor skills, mental state and somatic physique. A lot of authors claim that somatic physique in tennis is a factor which helps to achieve the highest sports results. Superiority of arms range in the attacking zone makes a game easier for tall players who are more effective in offensive actions as well. The purpose of the research was to estimate the somatic physique of children and youth who play tennis in the Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza. Material/Methods: The research involved 22 male tennis players and 21 female tennis players aged 7-16 from the Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza. In order to estimate somatic physique the following parameters were used: the height rate, the body mass index, the percentage of fat tissue and water in a human body. The Rohrer and the BMI index were calculated. The above results were referred to the tournaments results in which the examined competitors took part. Results: The results of research indicate a need for constant, operational and regular monitoring in a view of a larger group practising tennis, which would allow to define dependence between the style of the game and sports results in searching for directions of a satisfactory training process. Conclusions: Among the examined male and female tennis players significant variations of the examined indices of somatic physique were stated. There are no unequivocal indications as to the somatic body build for female and male tennis players in the Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza. The results of research indicate a need for constant, operational and regular monitoring in a view of a larger group practising tennis, which would allow to defining dependences between the style of the game and sports results in search of directions of a satisfactory training process.
5
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Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Motor Coordination Abilities in Gymnast Girls Aged 7-9 Years

81%
Kochanowicz K., Boraczyńska L., Boraczyński T.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
62-69
EN
Background: The aim of the paper was to build evaluation criteria of selected motor coordination abilities, useful in optimization of training in young gymnast girls, at the initial stage of sport training.Material/Methods: 18 gymnast girls aged 7-9 years old from the Sports School in Olsztyn took part in this study. In order to evaluate selected motor coordination abilities, three tests were used. The first test was taken on dynamometric platform on which subjects performed the Ellipsis test four times. This test is based on controlling the position of the centre of body mass using a dynamometric platform. The tested person had to keep the cursor (the centre of body mass) at the point moving along a prefect ellipsis on the screen. After two rehearsals gymnasts were turned round ten times in a rotation chair. In the second test, static balance was assessed by the Flamingo balance test (Eurofit). In the third test the level of global coordination was measured.Results: A correlation analysis of the collected data showed statistically significant correlation between individual indices. On the basis of objective quantitative and qualitative information obtained in this study, norms useful in assessment of the examined abilities were drawn up. A selection of valid and reliable indicators helpful in objective evaluation of motor coordination abilities in gymnast girls at the initial stage of sport training was made.Conclusions: Drawn up norms of motor coordination abilities evaluation create the basics for individualization of training in young gymnast girls at the initial stage of sport training.
6
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Special Fitness and the Effectiveness of Technical Preparation in Gymnastic Vault Event in Athletes at the Directed Stage

81%
Kochanowicz A., Kochanowicz K., Sawczyn S.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
70-78
EN
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between individual profiles of leading traits of special fitness with athletes' technical preparation in the gymnastic vault event at the directed stage of training.Material/Methods: The study involved 60 gymnasts aged 11-13 practising artistic gymnastics at the stage of directed training.The study was carried out in laboratory, training and sports competition conditions in years 2003 - 2007.Results: An analysis of results enabled determining the most informative indices having a significant relation with the sports results in gymnastic vault. Quantitative criteria of special fitness and technical preparation in six-month macrocycles of the training process have been worked out. Individual profiles of special fitness with indication of their changeable character in the three-year period of the study have been presented.Conclusions: The research led to the following conclusions: - an objective quantitative assessment creates a possibility to optimise the training process of the examined competitors through an appropriate selection of training means and methods; - working out the structure of athletes' special preparation with consideration for the curricular requirements in subsequent six-month macrocycles will enable optimising the training process directed not only at the all-round events but also at the possibilities to specialise in selected gymnastic events; - the above study can also stimulate a further development of the theory and methodology of training in artistic gymnastics.
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