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Effect of Long-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in CrossFit-Trained and Untrained Men

100%
Żak A., Pokora I.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2017
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vol. 19
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issue 3
67-76
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on white blood cells (WBC) in CrossFit-trained and untrained men. Twenty-eight men were recruited for this study including CrossFit-trained (CF-TR) and untrained (CF-UNT) men. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved non-supplemented untrained and trained men. Phase 2 involved the same groups but after 6-week supplementation with 2 GTE capsules once daily. Body weight, body composition and the number and percentage of peripheral blood leukocyte populations were assessed in each phase. The results revealed that the long-term green tea supplementation did not have a significant effect on body weight, body composition and the total white blood cell count of the study participants. However, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils increased while monocyte and neutrophil counts decreased. The changes in white blood cells were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to control participants. Summing up, it should be noted that long-term GTE supplementation in CrossFit-trained men did not result in significant changes in body weight and composition and the total white blood cell count. However, the changes in leukocyte subsets were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to untrained participants.
2
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Charakterystyka zwierzęcych modeli doświadczalnych wstrząsu krwotocznego

81%
Rybczyk R., Żak A., Krawiec A., Jochem J.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2010
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vol. 64
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issue 5-6
69-75
EN
Haemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening status which results from an acute loss of blood and leads to hypotension and hypoperfusion of peripheral tissues. The aim of the present study was to review currently used animal models of haemorrhagic shock. All these models can be classifi ed into two groups – reversible and irreversible. Apart from this classifi cation, haemorrhagic shock models can be divided into controlled (with stabilized initial values of mean arterial pressure, blood gas partial pressure, volume of blood loss) and uncontrolled. Additionally, in the present paper, we characterize one of the most frequently used pressure-controlled, irreversible models of haemorrhagic shock developed by Guarini and al. from University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Modena, Italy).
PL
Wstrząs krwotoczny jest stanem bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia, wynikającym z nagłej utraty krwi w pełnym składzie, co prowadzi do hipotensji i hipoperfuzji narządowej. Celem obecnej pracy jest przedstawienie stosowanych aktualnie modeli doświadczalnych wstrząsu krwotocznego. Modele te można sklasyfi kować na dwie grupy – modele wstrząsu odwracalnego i nieodwracalnego. Niezależnie od tego podziału wyróżnia się modele wstrząsu kontrolowanego (z mierzonymi wyjściowymi parametrami układu krążenia, takimi jak: średnie ciśnienie tętnicze, prężność gazów oddechowych w krwi tętniczej, objętość traconej krwi) i niekontrolowanego. W pracy scharakteryzowano także jeden z najczęściej stosowanych modeli doświadczalnych wstrząsu krwotocznego, opracowany przez Guariniego i wsp. z University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Modena, Włochy) model nieodwracalnego wstrząsu krwotocznego z kontrolowaną początkową wartością średniego ciśnienia tętniczego krwi.
3
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Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

61%
Przybyła K., Żebrowska A., Posmysz A., Manowska B., Pokora I., Żak A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2016
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vol. 13
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issue 1
81-87
EN
Popularity of long-distance running has increased as well as number of female and male marathon runners. Whilst research into physiological characteristics of endurance trained athletes has significantly increased there are only few studies on the risk factors for respiratory failure in marathon runners. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in respiratory function and the physiological strain in the response to exercise stress in marathon runners. Twenty three subjects (aged 36.1 ±11.6 years) participated in a marathon running. Prior to the run and after its completion, body mass and composition, spirometry and body temperature were measured. Based on pre- and post-run temperature and changes in heart rate, the physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated. Long-distance running significantly decreased the temperature of body surfaces (p < 0.05); no significant effects were observed regarding aural canal temperature and physiological strain index (PSI). Compared to resting values, post-marathon spirometry revealed a significant decrease in post-marathon forced expiratory volume (p < 0.05), peak expiratory flow (p < 0.05) and maximal expiratory flow values (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the long-distance running results in functional changes within the respiratory system which may limit the adaptive potential and decrease exercise tolerance.
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