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Nonextensive thermal sources of cosmic rays

100%
Wilk G., Włodarczyk Z.
Open Physics
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 5
726-736
EN
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays exhibits power-like behavior with a very characteristic ‘knee’ structure. We consider a possibility that such a spectrum could be generated by some specific nonstatistical temperature fluctuations in the source of cosmic rays with the ‘knee’ structure reflecting an abrupt change of the pattern of such fluctuations. This would result in a generalized nonextensive statistical model for the production of cosmic rays. The possible physical mechanisms leading to these effects are discussed together with the resulting chemical composition of the cosmic rays, which follows the experimentally observed abundance of nuclei.
2
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The imprints of superstatistics in multiparticle production processes

100%
Wilk G., Włodarczyk Z.
Open Physics
|
2012
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vol. 10
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issue 3
568-575
EN
We provide an update of the overview of imprints of Tsallis nonextensive statistics seen in a multiparticle production processes. They reveal an ubiquitous presence of power law distributions of different variables characterized by the nonextensivity parameter q > 1. In nuclear collisions one additionally observes a q-dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations reflecting the finiteness of the hadronizing source. We present sum rules connecting parameters q obtained from an analysis of different observables, which allows us to combine different kinds of fluctuations seen in the data and analyze an ensemble in which the energy (E), temperature (T) and multiplicity (N) can all fluctuate. This results in a generalization of the so called Lindhard’s thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Finally, based on the example of nucleus-nucleus collisions (treated as a quasi-superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions) we demonstrate that, for the standard Tsallis entropy with degree of nonextensivity q < 1, the corresponding standard Tsallis distribution is described by q′ = 2 − q > 1.
3
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Transplantacja nerki jako metoda leczenia nerkozastępczego pacjenta z przewlekłą chorobą nerek

81%
Woderska-Jasińska A., Hermanowicz M., Włodarczyk Z.
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu
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2021
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vol. 6
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issue 1
73-83
EN
Introduction. It is estimated that 500-600 million people are affected by chronic kidney disease. In Poland, 6500 among 4-5 million patients with chronic kidney disease require renal replacement therapy de novo every year. Renal transplant is a well-established treatment of end-stage chronic kidney disease, and the most effective one in comparison to alternatives – hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Aim. Presenting the current condition of knowledge of issues is a purpose of the work to the subject chosen concerning transplanting kidneys as procedures in chronic nephropathy. Review. In this review the author presents the current state of knowledge about selected aspects of kidney transplantation in Poland from deceased and living donors, including transplantations from nonrelated living donors (Kidney Paired Donation program). Conclusions. Renal transplant allows to achieve both longer survival and better quality of life than dialysis and therefore is the treatment of choice in end-stage chronic kidney disease.
PL
Wstęp. Szacuje się, że przewlekła choroba nerek stanowi problem zdrowotny 500–600 milionów osób, z czego 4-5 milionów mieszkańców Polski, spośród których rocznie de novo 6500 wymaga leczenia nerkozastępczego. Transplantacja nerek jest uznaną metodą leczenia nerkozastępczego i najskuteczniejszą w porównaniu z alternatywnymi metodami leczenia przewlekłej choroby nerek - hemodializą i dializą otrzewnową. Cel. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat wybranych zagadnień dotyczących przeszczepiania nerek jako metody leczenia nerkozastępczego w przewlekłej chorobie nerek. Przegląd. W pracy przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat wybranych zagadnień dotyczących transplantacji nerek w Polsce od dawców zmarłych i żywych, w tym przeszczepień od żywych dawców niespokrewnionych w ramach Programu Wymiany Par.  Podsumowanie. Transplantacja nerek zapewnia chorym dłuższe przeżycie i lepszą jakość życia niż dializoterapia, dlatego jest metodą z wyboru w leczeniu schyłkowej niewydolności nerek.
4
Content available remote

Emulsion chamber observations of Centauros, aligned events and the long-flying component

61%
Kempa J., Pattison B., Gładysz-Dziaduś E., Jones L., Mukhamedshin R., Tamada M., Włodarczyk Z.
Open Physics
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 4
723-741
EN
The cosmic ray emulsion chamber community has reported several unusual phenomena which are also relevant to experiments at the current high-energy accelerators, in particular the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A summary of the ”Cosmic Rays at Mountain Altitude” workshop held at Plock (Poland, September 2010) is given.
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