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1
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X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversible Phase Transformation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

100%
Lekston Z., Zubko M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1059-1062
EN
In the present paper the phase transformations occurring in hot worked and heat-treated Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy were studied using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and bend and free recovery measurements. Based on conducted measurements it can be seen that in the studied alloy two-step B2 ↔ R ↔ B19' phase transitions occurred. Due to the fact that during heating the phase transition B2 → R and R → B19' occurs in a very narrow temperature range and differential scanning calorimetry peaks overlap additional X-ray diffraction measurements were performed. Obtained characteristic temperatures from applied different experimental methods are in good agreement. The optimum heat-treatment was selected to obtain rods with a shape recovery temperature A_{f} below 37°C to prepare prototypes of medical implants activated by patients body heat.
2
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Structure of the Extruded and Thermally Treated Ni_{54.3}Fe_{16.2}Ga_{29.5} Alloy

81%
Prusik K., Matyja E., Zubko M., Goryczka T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1020-1022
EN
Hot extrusion process was applied to Ni_{54.3}Fe_{16.2}Ga_{29.5} polycrystalline alloy. Then the rod was annealed subsequently for 1 h at 700, 800, 900, and 1100°C. In this paper the effect of annealing on the microstructure of the polycrystalline extruded Ni-Fe-Ga alloy were analyzed. The structure of the alloys was determined by the X-ray and transmission electron microscopy. The electron backscattering diffraction technique was applied to obtain the texture of the extruded rods after heat treatment.
3
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Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Structure and Phase Decomposition of the Multiferroic Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ Ceramics

81%
Dercz J., Zubko M., Dercz G., Matuła I.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
852-855
EN
The paper presents the results of the Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ multiferroic phase stability analysis during high-energy ball milling aimed at obtaining fine dispersion ceramic powder. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods were used to analyse the structure and verify the degree of crystallite dispersion. Structural data analysis was carried out using the Rietveld method. To carry out the analysis of the morphology, the scanning electron microscopy was used. The results that were obtained showed that the high energy ball milling process results in the decomposition of the initial ceramics, where finally Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ and Bi are obtained. An increase in the proportion of the amorphous phase and an increase in the dispersion of the grains and crystallites of the powder that occurs with an increase in the milling time were observed.
4
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Structure Characterization of Biomedical Ti-Mo-Sn Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Method

81%
Dercz G., Matuła I., Zubko M., Liberska A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1029-1032
EN
The study presents the results of the influence of high energy milling on the structure of the new Ti-15Mo-5Sn [wt%] alloy for biomedical applications. During testing the powders were milled for the following milling times: 5, 15, 30, and 45 h. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods. Observation of the powder morphology after various stages of milling leads to the conclusion that with the increase of the milling time the size of the powder particles as well as the degree of aggregation change. However, a clear tendency of particles reduction at every stage of the mechanical alloying process is clearly observed. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the presence of the α and β phases, and molybdenum. It has been found that the reflections from the Sn phase disappeared after five hours of milling, suggesting that the Sn and Ti alloying took place, leading to the creation of a titanium-based solid solution. After 30 and 45 h of mechanical alloying the formation of the β-Ti phase, the final share of which is 46(4) wt%, was observed. Furthermore, it was found that a diffraction line broadening with the increase of the milling time results from reduction of the crystallite size and an increase in the lattice distortion. The maximum level of the reduction of the crystallite size was obtained after 45 h of milling. The maximum degree of the unit cells reduction for all phases present in the powder that was being milled was also observed for this milling time.
5
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Structure and Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy after Cold Rolling in Martensitic State

81%
Świec P., Zubko M., Lekston Z., Stróż D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1081-1084
EN
Due to unique features, like shape memory effects and superelasticity, NiTi alloys with nearly equiatomic composition are used in various branches of industry. Application of severe plastic deformation can drastically change properties of the materials. In the present paper the Ni_{50.4}Ti_{49.6} alloy after cold rolling in the martensitic state and further annealed is studied. Phase transformations were studied using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Microstructure was examined using transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction methods. Mechanical properties of obtained alloys has been studied using Vickers microhardness tests. Based on the performed measurements it can be seen that in studied alloys two steps B2 ↔ R ↔ B19' phase transitions occurred. Performed plastic deformation influences course of phase transitions and phases composition. Due to the reduction of grain size microhardness of the studied material is increasing with increase of deformation degree.
6
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NiTi Shape Memory Marformed Alloy Studied by Electron Beam Precession TEM Orientation Mapping Method

81%
Świec P., Zubko M., Lekston Z., Stróż D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 131
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issue 5
1307-1310
EN
Severe plastic deformation by cold-rolling in martensitic state was applied to Ni_{50.4}Ti_{49.6} shape memory alloy. Received materials with 17, 20, 25, and 35% deformation were further annealed at 450°C for 15 min. After such treatment hardness of this alloy increased significantly reaching 365 HV0.5 for highest deformation degree. Calorimetric studies revealed two-stage and two-step character of martensitic transformation occurring in all specimens. Nanocrystalline structure with average grain size 53, 34, 28, and 24 nm was obtained. In material with 35% of deformation amorphous regions containing a nuclei of B2 parental phase with average size of 5 nm were observed. To determine the crystallographic orientation of observed nanograins and for better phase analysis, electron beam precession transmission electron microscopy orientation mapping was performed.
7
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Role of the molybdenum addition on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of the NICOMNIN Alloys

81%
Prusik K., Matyja E., Wąsik M., Zubko M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 2
8
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The Rietveld Refinement of Beryls from Pegmatitic System at Piława Górna, Góry Sowie Block, SW Poland

81%
Zelek-Pogudz S., Zubko M., Pieczka A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
898-900
EN
The studied beryl crystals came from the Julianna pegmatitic system exposed in the Dolnośląskie Surowce Skalne S.A. quarry at Piława Górna. This mineral occurs here in various forms and colours (green, yellow, white, pinkish and blue) in almost all pegmatite bodies. The paper describes the relationship between the structure and chemical composition of different coloured beryl crystals.
9
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Effect of Sb and MnO2-Doping on Phase Transitions, Crystal Structure, Thermal, Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 Ceramics

71%
Suchanicz J., Faszczowy I., Czaja P., Kusz J., Zubko M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
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vol. 63
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issue 2
10
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Precession Electron Diffraction Studies of SrₓBa_{1-x}Nb₂O₆ and CaₓBa_{1-x}Nb₂O₆ Single Crystals

71%
Wspaniała-Rak J., Zubko M., Stróż D., Rak J., Dec J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
830-832
EN
Crystal structures of two single crystals SrₓBa_{1-x}Nb₂O₆ and CaₓBa_{1-x}Nb₂O₆ have been reinvestigated using automated electron diffraction tomography method with beam precession. 3D reciprocal space has been reconstructed based on recorded tilt series. For both samples the crystal structure was refined and the tetragonal symmetry with space group P4bm was confirmed. The three dimensional reciprocal space allowed to observe and to study satellite reflections in both materials.
11
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Crystal Structure of the High Temperature Phase of Strontium Barium Niobate

71%
Paszkowski R., Zubko M., Wokulska K., Kusz J., Dec J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
856-858
EN
Pure and undoped strontium-barium niobate Sr_{0.40}Ba_{0.60}Nb₂O₆ (SBN40) single crystals grown by the Czochralski method were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The study below T_{C} (429 K for SBN40) confirmed the structure with P4bm space group. Above this temperature the structure transforms into the paraelectric, centrosymmetric one with P4/mbm space group. Analysis of the recorded diffraction patterns allowed to observe several signs of crystal structure modulation. On the registered diffraction images satellite reflections were found. A modulation vector q=(δ,±δ,), where δ=0.3075(6) (at room temperature) was found and it was similar to that occurring in the SBN61. In addition, above the phase transition temperature on the (hk) planes with l integer a weak diffuse scattering was observed.
12
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Influence of High Energy Milling Time on the Ti-50Ta Biomedical Alloy Structure

71%
Matuła I., Dercz G., Zubko M., Prusik K., Pająk L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1033-1036
EN
Nickel-free titanium alloys are a promising research direction in the field of biomedical materials. Current literature reports indicate that there is a possibility of using the Ti-Ta alloys in medicine since these alloys have had satisfactory results as far as biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and mechanical properties are concerned, which is an important aspect while considering the use of this alloy for long-lasting bone implants. This article presents the results of a high-energy milling process with the use of Ti and Ta powders. The ball-milling process was carried out for various times, including 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The research confirmed partial synthesis of the materials during the process of high energy ball milling.
13
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Effect of the Boron Addition on the Structure of the Ni-Mn-Co-In Alloys

71%
Prusik K., Matyja E., Zubko M., Kubisztal M., Chrobak A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1023-1025
EN
Series of Ni_{45.5-x}Co_{4.5}Mn_{36.6}In_{13.4}B_{x} (at.%, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys produced by the induction melting were examined in terms of the structure and transition temperatures. The structure of the alloys was determined by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction techniques were applied to obtain the microstructure and texture of alloys. Boron addition promotes nucleation of the second Co-rich and In-poor phase as well as causes decrease of the martensitic transformation temperatures.
14
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Phase Analysis of NiTi Shape Memory Wires and Computer Simulations of the Superelastic Effect

71%
Młocek B., Lekston Z., Zubko M., Rak J., Stróż K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1063-1065
EN
Shape memory alloys belong to the group of intelligent materials due to their exceptional properties related to reversible martensitic transformation. They show both superelasticity and shape memory effects. The modelling of the superelastic phenomena occurring in NiTi alloys is important due to its application in the further development of materials for dedicated applications. A computer simulation of static tensile test was carried out using the finite element method for NiTi wire and obtained results were compared with experimental curve. For the determination of phase composition at ambient temperature and courses of phase transitions during cooling and heating the X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry methods were used. X-ray diffraction phase analysis exhibited that the studied wire at room temperature has B2 - parent phase structure. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that the phase transformations during cooling and heating occur in a temperature range of about -20 to +30°C.
15
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Magnetic Hardening Induced in RCo₅ (R = Y, Gd, Sm) by Short HEBM

71%
Łopadczak P., Bajorek A., Prusik K., Zubko M., Chełkowska G.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2018
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vol. 133
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issue 3
688-690
EN
The paper is focused on the magnetic and structural properties of RCo₅ (R = Y, Gd, Sm) intermetallics fabricated by high energy ball - milling (HEBM). The investigated samples were first produced by arc-melting as bulk materials and then were milled for 1h in dimethylformamide with balls to powder ratio 10:1. The influence of the HEBM parameters on the microstructure was investigated by a variety of complementary measurement methods. The Rietveld refinement was performed to estimate the dependence of crystallite size and microstrain on type of sample. The hysteresis loops were recorded by SQUID magnetometer at 2 K and 300 K and at magnetic field up to μ₀H=7 T. The impact of short HEBM process is visible as the enhancement of coercivity and simultaneous reduction of the saturation magnetization.
16
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Magnetic Properties and Structure of the Ni-Co-Mn-In Alloys with the Boron Addition

71%
Prusik K., Matyja E., Kubisztal M., Zubko M., Swadźba R.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 131
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issue 5
1240-1243
EN
Series of Ni_{45.5-x}Co_{4.5}Mn_{36.6}In_{13.4}B_{x} (at.%, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) polycrystalline magnetic shape memory alloys were examined in terms of the magnetic properties, structure and transition temperatures. Depending on the boron concentration single or two phase alloys microstructures were observed. Additionally, the martensitic transformation temperatures decreases with the boron addition. Magnetic-field induced transformation occurs for the alloys with the boron addition up to 0.1 at.%. For alloys with 0.5 and 1.0 at.% of B transformation is hindered.
17
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Analysis of CMSX-4 Single-Crystalline Turbine Blades Root by Electron and X-Ray Diffraction Methods

71%
Krawczyk J., Zubko M., Bogdanowicz W., Tondos A., Sieniawski J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
1104-1106
EN
The root of single-crystalline turbine blade made of CMSX-4 superalloy were studied. The studied blade was produced by the Bridgman technique in industrial ALD furnace at withdrawal rate of 3 mm/min. The samples for investigations were cut from the blade root parallel to the withdrawal direction. Metallographic sections of longitudinal samples planes were prepared for further investigations. The samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and the Laue diffraction studies. The crystal orientations in macro-scale were determined by analysis of the Laue pattern and local crystal orientations were studied by electron backscattered diffraction technique. Morphology of dendrites were examined by analysis of scanning electron microscopy macro-images. Study of subgrain structure was performed by X-ray diffraction topography. The sharp parallel contrast bands, visible on the X-ray topograms, were related with dendrite cores, arranged with the same direction. Additionally, the low angle boundaries were formed in certain samples, visible on the topograms as contrast shifts. Step changes of local crystal orientation in certain areas were observed on the electron backscattered diffraction maps. The electron backscattered diffraction crystal orientation maps were related to the misorientation visualized in topograms.
18
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Crystal Structure of (NbSe₄)₃I and (NbSe₄)_{10/3}I CDW Compounds at 14 K

71%
Zubko M., Kusz J., Prodan A., Bennett J., Świec P.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 4
869-872
EN
Both (NbSe₄)₃I and (NbSe₄)_{10/3}I compounds are interesting system possessing quasi one-dimensional linear chain character and exhibiting nonlinear transport properties with a second order phase transition. The compounds are built of NbSe₄ antiprisms, stacked along the tetragonal c axis into chains in a screw-like arrangement. Performed X-ray low temperature single crystal diffraction measurements allowed to solve, refine and analyze crystal structures of both compounds at 14 K. While (NbSe₄)_{10/3}I compound undergoes structural phase transition to monoclinic phase, (NbSe₄)₃I remains in tetragonal symmetry. Iodine atoms are responsible for the differences in (NbSe₄)_{10/3}I and (NbSe₄)₃I structures causing different spacing in the infinite NbSe₄ chains.
19
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Microstructure Analysis of Equiatomic Multi-Component NI20TI20TA20CO20CU20 Alloy

62%
Glowka K., Zubko M., Świec P., Prusik K., Dercz G., Stróż D.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 2
20
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Characterization of Long-Term Corrosion Performance of TI15MO Alloy in Saline Solution

62%
Szklarska M., Łosiewicz B., Dercz G., Zubko M., Albrecht R., Stróż D.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 2
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