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Comprehensive Analysis of Ion Beam Induced Stainless Steel Surface Morphology

100%
Kowalski Z.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2011
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vol. 120
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issue 1
70-74
EN
Surface morphology, one of the various physical properties modified by ion beam irradiation, is usually characterized by well known and very often investigated surface topography and surface roughness. The paper presents two additional aspects of surface morphology modification (called by the author: profile variability and surface morphology arrangement) that seem to be good complementary indicators of morphology changes. Surface micro- and nanotopographies were observed by means of scanning electron and near-field microscopes. High quality profilograph and atomic force microscope were utilised to measure main selected roughness parameters (based on the well known surface profiles). To detect any profile shape alteration during ion beam bombardment fractal analysis was used, and especially fractal dimension D that can give information about a rate p_{v} of profile shape variability. Surface morphology arrangement, i.e. a question whether it is random or determined, was studied with the use of frequency plots resulting from harmonic analysis of profiles. Surface topographies, selected roughness parameters, fractal dimensions and frequency plots relating to stainless steel of 1H18N9T (made in Poland) bombarded with perpendicular (Θp = 0°) as well as very inclined (Θp = 85-87°) beam were examined. Low energy (0.8 keV) broad argon ion beam and neutralized narrow argon or krypton ion beams (up to 6 keV) were used in the experiments.
2
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Analysis of the Process of Coal Micronization Conducted in Order to Obtain Coal-Water Liquids

51%
Staroń A., Kowalski Z., Banach M.
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vol. 126
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issue 4
1025-1029
EN
Coal is the most important energy source, but its application in traditional way causes pollution. Preparation of coal-water liquids consists of: initial crushing of coal, wet milling in mixer mill and homogenization. To obtain coal-water liquids there were used three kinds of materials: coal of medium assortment with a low content of ash (6-25 mm), fine coal (0-20 mm) and coal sludge. The parameters of the grinding process which results in coal-water suspensions characterized by the most advantageous functional properties (high stability, low density and viscosity and the smallest equivalent diameter of particles of coal in a slurry) have been chosen and the influence of additives on the listed properties of the suspensions was determined. For suspensions consisted of water and coal independent parameters were vibration frequency 30 1/s, one ball with diameter of 15 mm and amount of water: 70 wt%. Substances which were applied to improve the properties of coal-water suspensions were: Triton X-405, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and poly(acrylic acid), partial sodium salt-graft-poly(ethylene oxide). The best stability, low viscosity and the lowest density of the suspensions were characterized by coal, water and 0.1 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose as a result of the 30 min milling.
3
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Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) mRNA levels in relation to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development in newborn calves

39%
Flaga J., Górka P., Kowalski Z., Kaczor U., Pietrzak P., Zabielski R.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2011
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issue 4
4
Content available remote

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet for Mass Spectrometry

39%
Babij M., Gotszalk T., Kowalski Z., Nitsch K., Silberring J., Smoluch M.
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vol. 125
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issue 6
1260-1263
EN
The atmospheric pressure plasma is much advantageous over low pressure plasmas in various aspects, e.g. vacuum-free operation, relative low cost, flexibility of a continuous process. Among various plasmas generated in atmospheric pressure discharges there are cold plasma jets that represent a technology of great application promise (industry, medicine, biology). To generate low-temperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure the dielectric barrier discharge can be used. It is suitable for the atomization of volatile species and can also be served as a ionization source for ambient mass and ion mobility spectrometry. As the discharge is generated in a restricted electrode structure, a plasma jet (plume) is usually formed outside the electrode region (that provides spatial separation of the plasma generation and surface processing regions). The paper presents a source based on a plasma jet established at the end of a capillary dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure and its application to mass spectrometry. The structure of the jet generator consists of piezoelectric transformer and two concentric and symmetric electrodes, between which the working gas flows at definite rate. Besides the source description early results of spectroscopic analysis are also given.
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