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Synthesis and Physico-chemical Studies of Base Catalyzed Methanolysis of Some Virgin Tropical Seed Oils

100%
Esonye C., Onukwuli O. D., Ofoefule A. U.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2017
|
vol. 15
112-128
EN
The physico-chemical characterization of Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophillum albidium seed oils were investigated, together with their methyl esters. The vegetable oils were extracted by applying the solvent extraction method, using n-hexane. Prunus amygdalus had the highest oil yield (60.1%), followed by Dyacrodes edulis (55.76 %) and least from Chrysophillum albidium (13.67%). The oils and their biodiesel were then analyzed for acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, smoke point, titre value, cloud point, moisture content and refractive index. Accordingly, Dyacrodes edulis seed oil had the highest acid value of 6.57 and required two-step transesterifictaion. The produced biodiesels were discussed in the light of ASTM D 9751, ASTMD 6751 and DIN 14214. These showed yields of 94.36%, 93.03% and 86.49%, cetane numbers of 70.40, 55.20 and 64.57 and calorific values of 31,178.39 KJ/kg, 34,421.50 KJ/kg and 32,838.38 KJ/kg for Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium, respectively. Other fuel-related properties showed highly improved qualities upon transesterification and compared well with ASTM and EU standards. The overall results showed that the seed oils are viable for biodiesel production.
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Extraction of Nigerian Beef Tallow by Wet Rendering Process and its Characterization

88%
Chizoo C., Ume C. S., Esonye M. C., Okafor V. N., Ofoefule A. U.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2017
|
vol. 15
129-138
EN
Nigeria has relied for several decades on the importation of tallow fat for her industries despite its inconsistency in availability and price in the market The above challenges and the recent soaring value of Dollars to Naira have made it highly necessary for Nigeria to consider the quantum of about 9 tonnes/day of tallow fat sent down the drain in each Nigerian slaughterhouse. Therefore, this research work has investigated the Physico-chemical quality of Nigerian beef tallow fat obtained by wet rendering of slaughterhouse waste from Obosi in Anambra State of Nigeria. It was analyzed using AOAC procedures (1990, 1993). The slaughter waste gave 15% yield of tallow fat with 199.5 mg/gkOH, 0.40%, 2.05% of saponification value, unsaponifable matter and Free Fatty Acid (FFA), respectively. The Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed the following fatty acids: 46.65% stearic acid, followed by 41.33% palmitic acid and 9.0% oleic acid. The results were found to be agreement with ISO and CODEX-STAN 211(1999) standards. To this end, the quality and usefulness of Nigerian beef tallow has been validated. Hence, investment in this area would help reposition Nigerian slaughterhouse waste matter control strategy, economy and industry.
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