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1

Przebieg i wyniki leczenia pacjentów w wieku powyżej 79 lat hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii

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Knapik M., Zbieralska E., Kłaczek B., Szczepańska A., Cieśla D., Knapik P.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2016

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vol. 70

286-290

EN

INTRODUCTION: Patients over 79 years of age represent a growing proportion of patients admitted to intensive care units. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of patients over 79 years of age admitted to the ICU, the course and the results of their treatment as well as survival after discharge from the unit, and to compare these results to those obtained in the remaining population treated at this time in the ICU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 870 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU in the Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases in the period of 8 consecutive years. We analysed only the first admissions – all repeat and subsequent hospitalizations were excluded from the analysis. Within this population, we identified 75 patients over 79 years of age (8.6%). For all the analyses, it was assumed that p < 0.05 is statistically significant. RESULTS: The reasons for admission in patients over 79 years of age and younger were similar – except for a significantly higher proportion of patients admitted due to complications of acute coronary syndromes (38.7% vs 26.7%, p = 0.03) and pneumonia (8.0% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.04). Overall, 44.0% of elderly and 41.4% of younger patients died in the ICU (p = 0.75). Mortality 30 days after discharge, however, was significantly higher in the elderly patients (45.2% vs 27.3%, p = 0.02). One year mortality according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 82% in elderly patients and 48% of patients in the remaining population (p = 0.00003). CONCLUSIONS: Patients over 79 years of age represent a significant group requiring treatment in the ICU. Hospital mortality among the oldest patients is similar to the remaining population, but their long-term outcomes are very poor, which may result from the low quality of care after discharge from the ICU.

PL

WSTĘP: Pacjenci powyżej 79 roku życia stanowią rosnący odsetek chorych przyjmowanych na oddziały anestezjologii i intensywnej terapii (OAiIT). Celem pracy była ocena charakterystyki pacjentów po 79 roku życia przyjmowanych na OAiIT, przebiegu i wyników ich leczenia oraz czasu przeżycia po wypisie z oddziału, a także zbadanie korelacji tych wyników z uzyskanymi w pozostałej populacji leczonej w tym czasie w OAiIT. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Retrospektywną analizę przeprowadzono u 870 kolejnych chorych przyjętych na OAiIT w Śląskim Centrum Chorób Serca w kolejnych 8 latach. Analizowano wyłącznie pierwsze przyjęcia – z analizy wykluczono wszystkie powtórne i kolejne hospitalizacje. Do badanej grupy włączono 75 chorych powyżej 79 roku życia (8,6%). Na potrzeby wszystkich obliczeń przyjęto, że istotność statystyczna występuje przy wartości współczynnika p < 0,05. WYNIKI: Przyczyny przyjęcia chorych powyżej 79 roku życia i młodszych były podobne, wyjątek stanowił istotnie wyższy odsetek chorych przyjmowanych z powodu powikłań ostrego zespołu wieńcowego (38,7% vs 26,7%; p = 0,03) i zapalenia płuc (8,0% vs 2,9%; p = 0,04). Na OAiIT zmarło 44,0% starszych chorych i 41,4% pozostałej populacji (p = 0,75). Śmiertelność do 30 dnia po wypisie była jednak znacznie wyższa w najstarszej grupie chorych (45,2% vs 27,3%; p = 0,02). Śmiertelność roczna, według analizy Kaplana-Meiera, wyniosła 82% w grupie chorych powyżej 79 roku życia i 48% chorych w pozostałej populacji (p = 0,00003). WNIOSKI: Pacjenci powyżej 79 roku życia stanowią znaczącą grupę chorych wymagających leczenia na OAiIT. Śmiertelność szpitalna wśród najstarszych chorych jest zbliżona do pozostałej populacji, jednak odległe wyniki leczenia są bardzo złe, co może wynikać z niskiej jakości opieki po wypisie z OAiIT.

2

Antifungal activities of moulds associated with selected stored grains and legumes

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Ohabughiro N. B.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 50

52-59

EN

An antifungal agent can either kill or inhibit the growth of fungi by interfering with the formation of fungal cell membrane, weakening it and hindering cell division. Antifungal agents of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole of Thermo Fisher Scientific limited were used for this study. Cultural analysis of stored grains and legumes (rice, maize, wheat, groundnut and beans) from Imo State was done using streak plate method. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the culture while Mueller Hinton agar was used for Antifungal sensitivity test. Moulds were further identified using 18s rRNA gene sequencing method. The antifungal sensitivity profile of isolated and identified moulds was evaluated using the clinical laboratory and standard institute approved methods for testing of moulds, the disk diffusion and tetrazolium chloride test. The results showed that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus and Penicillium chrysogenum were the moulds isolated and identified using both cultural and 18S rRNA sequence. The fungal isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole and voriconazole. Amphotericin B was both resistant and susceptible to different moulds. The fungal isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Inhibition effects were more with the antifungal disc than with tetrazolium salts. All the isolates were resistant to tetrazolium chloride and gave no zone of inhibition. Combination of antifungal agent and tetrazolium chloride showed sensitivity only to ketoconazole. Antifungal disc alone gave a better zone of inhibition than the combination of antifungal agents with tetrazolium salts. This study showed that ketoconazole has greater inhibitory potential than other antifungal agents. Ketoconazole remains the best drug of choice among the studied antifungal agents for fungal infections. Therefore antifungal drugs can be used against moulds of economic importance in the country.

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Bacteriological profile of cut fruits sold in Calabar Metropolis

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Edeghor U., John G. E., Origbu C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 23

43-55

EN

The increase in cases of food borne illnesses related to street vended fruit salad in developing countries is of serious public health concern. This study was, therefore, conducted on street-vended fruit salad, to determine their microbial quality. A total of twenty (20) fruit samples, comprising five each of fresh Apple (Malus domestica Borkh), Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) were collected from 3 different locations (Watt, Marian and Goldie) in Calabar and were evaluated by way of standard plate techniques, for microbial contaminants. The specific microbial genera were enumerated on appropriate selective media and identified using standard identification parameters with the aid of identification and taxonomic manuals. The results revealed that the mean total bacterial counts of all the fruit samples ranged from 1.07 × 103 to 3.4 × 103CFU/g, whereas, the mean total coliform counts ranged from 0.9 × 103 to 2.05 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. The differences in the mean total heterotrophic counts and coliform counts recorded for the fruits collected from the respective food vendors was statistically insignificant (P>0.01). Bacteria isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. The presence of coliform bacteria and other microbial contaminants in numbers exceeding the recommended microbiological standards is a reflection of unwholesome product, hence the need for proper microbiological safety analysis of fruit salad prepared for human consumption. Therefore, consumer’s awareness on the dangers of consuming pathogen contaminated foods and the need to insist on properly processed/stored sliced produce, needs to be re-awakened.

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Frequency and Incidence of Bacterial Infection in the Female Reproductive System

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Adesina O. B., Oke E. i.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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vol. 52

126-138

EN

This study aimed to assess the frequency and incidence of bacterial infections in the female reproductive system, particularly focusing on vaginal infections. The research involved the analysis of high vaginal swab and urine samples from a population of women presenting with various gynecological concerns. Notably, the study investigated the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), candida, and trichomonas in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Several crucial findings emerged from the research. First, there was a high prevalence of pus cells (90.0%) observed, which could indicate underlying inflammation or infection. Concurrently, yeast cells were detected in a substantial 86.0% of cases, suggesting a notable presence of yeast infections among the study participants. Age-wise analysis revealed an intriguing pattern, with the 26-30 age group standing out in terms of significant bacterial growth. This age group recorded the highest count of samples with such growth (15), potentially highlighting a higher susceptibility to bacterial infections within this demographic. Candida albicans emerged as a dominant microorganism with a frequency of 47.6%, implying a significant presence of this yeast and potential fungal infections within the study population. The study examined antibiotic sensitivity patterns among bacterial isolates. This analysis underscored the need for tailored antibiotic treatments, as there were varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance to different antibiotics among the isolates. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized approaches to antibiotic therapy based on the specific bacterial species and their susceptibility patterns. This study contributes valuable insights into the frequency and incidence of bacterial infections in the female reproductive system. The prominent tables, including the prevalence of pus and yeast cells, the age-specific susceptibility to bacterial infections, the dominance of C. albicans, and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns, collectively enhance our understanding of women's reproductive health and emphasize the significance of individualized medical interventions.

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Production, purification and characterization of mannanase obtained from Pichia kudriavzevii strain AUMC 10190 isolated from citrus wastes

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Afolabi F. T., Jimoh Y. Z.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 45

1-17

EN

Mannanases from microorganisms are important biotechnologically as they are involved in the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides of plant tissues into simple molecules. The major mannan-degrading enzymes are β- mannanases, β-mannosidases and β-glucosidase. This study aimed to isolate and screen for mannanase-producing yeasts from citrus wastes and to produce, optimize, purify and characterize the enzyme. One hundred and two (102) yeasts were isolated from different citrus wastes obtained from five different markets and screened for their mannanase producing ability. Gum Arabic was used as a substrate for the production of mannanase enzyme by yeasts isolates using submerged fermentation. Candida sp. LES2, Candida sp. OS12, Pichia sp. and Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) were the yeast isolates with the best potential of mannanase production. Incubation period, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen source were optimized under submerged fermentation for the production of mannanase. The mannanase produced by Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) was optimally active at pH 7.0 (202.10 U/ml) and its temperature is stable at 60 °C. Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) was optimally active at 35 °C (147.91U/ml). Mannanase enzyme produced by Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) had a purification fold of 2.14 with a specific activity of 134.53U/ml proving that yeasts obtained from citrus wastes have the ability to produce mannanase enzyme under optimized condition. In conclusion, Pichia kudriavzevii (AUMC 10190) isolated from citrus waste is potential yeast for the production of mannanase under suitable condition for higher yield.

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Wpływ niedokrwistości na stan neurologiczny oraz funkcjonalny chorych w ostrej fazie niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu – raport wstępny

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Lasek-Bal A., Holecki M., Stęposz A., Wocławska D.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2016

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vol. 70

281-285

EN

INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a risk factor for cerebrovascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among patients who underwent a first-ever stroke and its impact on the neurological and functional state in the acute phase of stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective study encompassed 109 patients (53 women) aged 72.8 ± 11.12 after stroke. We analyzed their neurological state on the first day after stroke by NIHSS and their functional status on the 14th day after the onset of stroke by the modified Rankin scale among patients with anemia and without anemia. RESULTS: Anemia was found in 34 patients, in 15 women and 19 men; 8 patients aged ≤ 65 years. The neurological deficit according to NIHSS, functional status at the level of 3–5 by mRS and death did not differ significantly between the analyzed groups. An independent predictor of a worse functional status on the 14th day after stroke or death in Group 1 included the neurological state on the 1st day following stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia appeared in approximately 1/3 patients suffering a stroke. Slight or moderate anemia in the acute period of stroke did not significantly influence the neurological or functional status in the acute phase of stroke. The neurological state on the first day is an independent factor of a poor prognosis in patients with anemia in short-term follow-up.

PL

WSTĘP: Anemia jest czynnikiem ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. Celem badania była ocena potencjalnego wpływu niedokrwistości na stan neurologiczny pacjentów w pierwszej dobie oraz funkcjonalny w 14 dobie od wystąpienia niedokrwiennego udaru mózgu. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Do prospektywnego badania włączono 109 pacjentów (w tym 53 kobiety) w wieku 72,8 ± 11,12 w pierwszej dobie pierwszego w życiu udaru mózgu. Porównano częstość wybranych chorób i parametrów biochemicznych, stan neurologiczny (wg NIHSS) w pierwszej oraz stan funkcjonowania (wg mRankin) w 14 dobie od wystąpienia udaru mózgu u pacjentów z anemią oraz prawidłowym stężeniem hemoglobiny. WYNIKI: Anemię stwierdzono u 34 pacjentów (15 kobiet oraz 19 mężczyzn) oraz 8 pacjentów w wieku ≤ 65 r.ż. Częstość lekkiego i umiarkowanego/ciężkiego deficytu neurologicznego w pierwszej dobie nie różniła się znamiennie między pacjentami z anemią i bez anemii. Częstość stanu funkcjonalnego na poziomie 3–5 Rankin w 14 dobie oraz zgonu (do 14 dni od zachorowania) nie różniła się znamiennie między tymi pacjentami. Stan neurologiczny pacjentów z anemią w pierwszej dobie udaru mózgu okazał się niezależnym czynnikiem gorszego rokowania odnośnie do stanu funkcjonalnego w 14 dobie udaru mózgu oraz zgonu do 14 doby od zachorowania. WNIOSKI: Niedokrwistość występuje u ok. 1/3 pacjentów z ostrym niedokrwiennym udarem mózgu. Lekka oraz umiarkowana niedokrwistość nie wykazuje istotnego negatywnego wpływu na stan neurologiczny oraz funkcjonalny pacjentów w ostrym okresie udaru. Stan neurologiczny w pierwszej dobie udaru niedokrwiennego jest niezależnym czynnikiem złego rokowania w obserwacji krótkoterminowej u pacjentów z anemią.

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Investigation on the Role of Nanoparticle on Microbial Nano Interface to Understand Pathogenecity

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Kumar C. N., Radhakrishnan B., Santhanam A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 30

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issue 2

89-95

EN

Nano-biotechnology represents the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology which is an emerging field in creation, productivity and utility of nanoscale structures for advanced biotechnology. Plant and plant extract are considered as green and effective paths in the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The aim of the present study is to analyze the interaction of silver nanoparticles synthesized from herbal source (Cinnamon zeylanicum) with pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) in order to know the microbe pathogenicity. The micro-nano interface disturbed the growth of microbes. Under the influence of different concentration of nanoparticles (50 µL to 1,000 µL), the microbes exhibited slow growth as compared to control. The viable cell count also decreased as the nanoparticles concentration increased. This shows major difference in the bacterial culture of with and without nano particle. Under normal culture, without nanoparticles intervention, the microbes show lag phase at 0-4 h, the log phase begins and its exponential growth occurs between 4-8 h and after 12 h, stationary phase was attained. There was a slow growth observed when the culture was exposed to silver nanoparticles. This clearly shows the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles. In this study we used green synthesized nanoparticles, which have shown a good antibacterial efficacy against the pathogenic microorganism Salmonella typhi.

8

Salt-tolerant endophytic Pseudomonas putida isolated from Aronia prunifolia root with plant growth-promoting potential

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Mustafa L. B., Al-Bayati A. I. N., Özkoç I.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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vol. 53

212-222

EN

Endophytes play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture due to their capacity to generate numerous agriculturally significant metabolites. This study focuses on isolating a salt-tolerant, fluorescent green pigment-producing endophytic bacterium from the leaf samples of Aronia prunifolia cultivated on 2.5% Sodium chloride (NaCl) supplemented nutrient agar. After thoroughly examining the roots' isolated strain, EB-3, it has been identified as Pseudomonas putida. This identification was based on a detailed analysis of its morphological and biochemical characteristics, coupled with the scrutiny of its 16S rDNA sequence. Extensive biochemical and functional studies have revealed the diverse capabilities of P. putida. This bacterium excels in producing hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA), and demonstrates proficiency in phosphate solubilization. These findings emphasize the potential of P. putida as a valuable bacterial inoculant for sustainable agriculture, especially in challenging environments. The versatility of this strain in producing beneficial metabolites underscores its crucial role in promoting agricultural resilience and productivity. Consequently, P. putida emerges as a promising ally in advancing sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in stressful conditions.

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Microbiological safety of fruit juices consumed in cafes and restaurants of Debre Markos town, north western Ethiopia

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Geta K., Kebede A., Chemedissa M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

287-298

EN

Improperly prepared fresh fruit and vegetable juices are recognized as an emerging cause of food borne illnesses. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the microbiological safety of fresh fruit juices marketed in Debre Markos town and their hygienic conditions of preparations. Thirty-six fruit juices samples were collected from 6 cafés and restaurants of Debre Markos town and analyzed for total aerobic viable bacterial count (TAVBC), total staphylococcal count (TSC), aerobic spore forming bacterial count (ASFBC), total coliform count (TCC), fecal coliform count (FCC), yeast and mould count (YMC). The spread plate method was used for the isolation of microorganisms on appropriate selective media. All isolates were characterized following standard methods. Bacterial and fungal species were isolated following standard methods, while questionnaires were distributed to 30 juice makers to obtain preliminary information on their hygienic and safety practices. Results show that the mean TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, yeast and mould, TCC and FCC of mango were 2.2±0.48×106, 0.13±0.04×105, 0.004×105, 1.1±0.2×106, 0.15±0.05×105, 5.7±3.73×104 and 0.06±0.04×104, cfu/ml, respectively. Moreover, the mean of TAVBC, ASFBC, TSC, YMC, TCC, and FCC of avocado juice were 3.6±0.6×106, 0.08±0.02×105, 0.27±0.07×105, 1.2±0.4×106, 0.02±0.01×105, 6.46±3.7×104, and 0.2±0.1×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The bacterial isolates were identified as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. B. cereus, Enterobacter spp., Enterococcous spp., Streptococcus spp., and Serratia spp., while the identities of the fungal isolates were Fusarium spp., Mucor spp. and S. cerevisiae. The results also showed that the microbial loads of most of the fruit juices were higher than the specifications set for fruit juices sold in the Gulf region and other parts of the world. Most venders obtained fruit from the open market and all juice makers lacked special training in food hygiene and safety. Therefore, regular training and health education on food hygiene and safety is recommended for juice handlers to improve the quality of fresh fruit juices in the study area.

10

Determination of fungal contamination of retailed smoked-fish sold within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

100%

Nnagbo P. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 50

121-129

EN

The consumption of smoked-fish usually from the open shelf in most communities of the developing countries has raised some health related concerns. As one of the common sources of protein available to man, fish is highly consumed due to its lower cholesterol content and price. So it forms a rich protein source for both poor and rich. This research enumerated the fungal load of retailed smoked-fish sold within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. A total of thirty six fish samples which comprised nine fish species such as Ethmalosa fimbrata (Bonga fish), Clarias garepinus (Mud cat fish), Ilisha Africana (West African shad) Alestes nurse (Silverside fish), Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Silver catfish), Gymnallabes typus (Catfish), Calamoichthys calabaricus (Rope fish), Schilbe uranoscopus (Butter fish) and Cynoglossus browni (Sole) were randomly purchased from markets in Owerri. The fish samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar plates incorporated with 0.5mg/ml of chloramphenicol. The fungal isolates were identified using standard methods Thirty four fungal organisms made up of four genera: Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Fusarium species and Rhizopus species were isolated from the fish samples. Aspergillus flavus 8 (23.53%), Aspergillus fumigatus 7 (20.58%) and Rhizopus species 7 (20.58%) were the dominant mycofloral in decreasing sequential order. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium species and Penicillium species occurred in less frequency 4 (11.77%). Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant mycofloral. Aspergillus species are known to produce aflatoxins which are carcinogenic (causing hepatoma-cancer of the liver), acute hepatitis, reduced red blood cell and decreased immune system in man. Fusarium species was reported to produce fumonisin toxin and Penicillum produces penicillic acid. Prolonged intake of smoked-fish with these metabolites may constitute potential public health hazard. It is recommended that smoked-fishes be processed, stored and distributed under safe hygienic condition and good sanitary practices in order to prevent fungal contamination.

11

Antibacterial properties of probiotics bacterial isolated from human breast milk

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Blessing E. N., Chukwuemeka I. S., Ukeachu C. D., Onuawuchi U. G.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 3

290-297

EN

This research work assessed the antibacterial properties of probiotic bacterial which was isolated from breast milk. The breast milk has a distinct amalgamation of minerals, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and various vitamins that endorse the proper development, growth and immunity of the children. That’s the reason behind it’s consideration to be a comprehensive and inclusive food for new born babies. Furthermore, it is also abundant in various bioactive compounds which encourage the maturation of the immune system over and above develop body’s defense against infections. This research used a standard methodology to isolate the bacterial. In the midst of these bioactive agents, probiotic bacteria were properly isolated from human milk in this research work by means of selective MRS media. Five Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from every one of the three breast milk samples and two Enterococcus species, were observed as potential probiotics, and identified using morphological and biochemical tests which includes L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, En. faecalis and En. faecium. The isolated bacteria were facultative anaerobic, catalase negative, gram positive and non-endospore forming. Sugar fermentation arrangements of equally isolated bacteria also significantly different. The adding up of breast milk probiotics to children formulas possibly will be an innovative substitute to mimic some of the purposeful consequences of human milk in children who are not breastfed.

12

Szczepienia seniorów – profilaktyka chorób zakaźnych na przykładzie szczepienia przeciw grypie

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Zawidzka M., Nazar E., Kamińska M., Przybylska J.

Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu

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2018

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issue 3

81-90

EN

Introduction. Influenza has been known as the most common contagious disease attacking the respiratory system of patients at any age. In addition to influenza vaccination, older people are also advised to vaccinate against pneumonia, hepatitis (Hepatitis B), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. The aim of this work is to present the importance of influenza vaccination and senior participation in the "Program for the prevention of contagious diseases with respect to the use of influenza vaccination for people over 65", on the example of Włocławek, Lublin and Wrocław. Overview. Contagious diseases in older people are often characterized by a severe course and an increased risk of complications. Despite the wide-scale infection prevention among the older people, protective vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as its complications. The number of vaccinated patients over 65 is low. The use of protective vaccinations has a beneficial effect not only on the health of patients, but also on the reduction of treatment costs associated with the occurrence of possible post-influenza complications and long-term hospitalization. Systematic influenza vaccinations are liekely to protect patients from infection and complications, but also stimulate the body's immune system to function properly. Conclusions. Despite the recommendations of health professionals , the popularity of vaccinations among people over 65 is very low. The most common reasons associated with resignation from vaccinations among seniors include: fear of complications associated with vaccination and lack of faith in its effectiveness. For this reason, it is extremely important to effectively promote influenza vaccinations among the elderly.

PL

Wstęp. Grypa to choroba zakaźna układu oddechowego pojawiająca się najczęściej, niezależnie od wieku. Osobom starszym oprócz szczepienia przeciw grypie zaleca się szczepienia przeciw zapaleniu płuc, wirusowemu zapaleniu wątroby (WZW) typu B, krztuścowi, błonicy oraz tężcowi. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie istoty szczepienia przeciwko grypie oraz udziału seniorów w „Programie profilaktyki chorób zakaźnych w zakresie szczepień ochronnych przeciw grypie dla osób powyżej 65 roku życia”, na przykładzie miast Włocławek, Lublin oraz Wrocław. Przegląd. Choroby zakaźne występujące u osób w podeszłym wieku często charakteryzują się ciężkim przebiegiem i zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań. Pomimo szeroko ukierunkowanej prewencji infekcji wśród osób starszych, najbardziej efektywnym oraz najskuteczniejszym sposobem zapobiegania grypie, a także jej powikłaniom, są szczepienia ochronne. Stopień wyszczepienia pacjentów powyżej 65 roku życia jest niski. Stosowanie szczepień ochronnych ma korzystny wpływ nie tylko na zdrowie pacjentów, ale także na obniżenie kosztów leczenia związanych z wystąpieniem ewentualnych powikłań pogrypowych oraz długotrwałej hospitalizacji. Systematyczne powtarzanie szczepień przeciwko grypie pozwala nie tylko chronić przed infekcją oraz powikłaniami, ale także pobudza układ obronny organizmu do skutecznego działania. Wnioski. Pomimo zaleceń specjalistów, popularność szczepień wśród osób po 65 roku życia jest bardzo niska. Do najczęstszych przyczyn związanych z rezygnacją ze szczepień u seniorów należą: lęk przed powikłaniami związanymi ze szczepieniem oraz brak wiary w jego skuteczność. Z tego powodu niezwykle ważne jest efektywne promowanie szczepień przeciw grypie wśród osób w podeszłym wieku.

13

Bdellovibrio and like organisms: The much-anticipated “magic bullet”

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Ebana R. U. B., Edet U. O., Anosike I. K., Etok C. A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 23

233-249

EN

With advances in next generation sequencing and microscopy, a clearer picture is beginning to emerge about the predatory properties of Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs). BALOs are Gram negative microorganisms which are natural predators of other Gram-negative microorganisms, especially those associated with diseases in humans and animals. One of the limitations of BALOs is their inability to prey upon Gram-positive organisms that cause the bulk of human diseases. The global spread of antibiotics resistance to almost every group of antibiotics, and the paucity of newer antibiotics since 1970s is very worrisome. The ability of BALOs to decimate pathogen populations principally those carrying multidrug résistance genes coupled with the increasing rate of antibiotics resistance, has made them an attractive option as biocontrol agents. With the absence of resistance to BALOs, these much anticipated “magic bullets” will certainly find more and more applications in health, agriculture, medicine and environment in the nearest future.

14

Analogi somatostatyny w leczeniu chorych z nawrotowymi hormonalnie nieczynnymi gruczolakami przysadki - obserwacja wstępna

100%

Kunert-Radek J., Zawada N. B., Pisarek A., Górska-Chrząstek M., Pawlikowski M.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

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2012

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vol. 39

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issue 1

137-146

EN

Introduction: Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are estimated for about 30% of all pituitary adenomas. They are diagnosed late, usually in a stadium of macroadenoma. Neurosurgery is rarely curative because of the tumour invasion of the adjacent structures. One of the therapeutic options for the patients is a somatostatin analogs therapy. To introduce such a treatment, a positive result of receptor scintigraphy is compulsory. Aim: The aim of the study was the assessment of the effectiveness of the somatostatin analogs therapy among patients with NFPAs.

PL

Wstęp: Nieczynne hormonalnie gruczolaki przysadki (NFPAs - non-functioning pituitary adenomas), stanowią około 30% wszystkich guzów przysadki. Rozpoznawane są późno, zazwyczaj w stadium makrogruczolaka. Operacja neurochirurgiczna często nie jest radykalna ze względu na naciekanie przez guz struktur sąsiadujących. Jednym z rozważanych sposobów leczenia tych pacjentów jest stosowanie analogów somatostatyny. Wdrożenie takiego leczenia uzasadnia pozytywny wynik badania scyntygrafii receptorowej. Cel: Celem pracy była ocena efektów leczenia analogiem somatostatyny chorych z NFPAs.

15

Infection Control in the Post-Antibiotic Era

100%

Upla P., Ukpanah M., Gbadeyan F., Uyi G., Dauda O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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vol. 11

37-44

EN

Antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms has become a major clinical and public health problem in the 21st century. Countries across the world are faced with restricted healthcare resources, high demand for modern drugs and increasing antimicrobial resistance. This escalation in antibiotic resistance is attributed to the misuse and over use of antibiotics, poor isolation practices and long hospital stay of patients who then become susceptible to nosocomial infection. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics is now generating resistance to almost all classes. However, it is pertinent to emphasize that even with the pervasive nature of antibiotic resistance worldwide; infections acquired by patients in the hospital must be treated. Thus, this review article proposes some control options and recommendations to protect us against resistant bacterial strains.

16

Biocontrol potential of trichoderma and yeast against post harvest fruit fungal diseases: A review

100%

Lamenew F., Mekonnen H., Gashaw T.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 27

153-173

EN

Crop protection is vital to maintain high productivity and high quality of crops. Over the past years, people used different fungicides, herbicides and good agronomical practices to control fungal diseases and pests to increase productivity. However, extensive use of chemicals in controlling pests and diseases resulted in negative impacts on the environment, producing inferior quality and harming consumer health. In recent times, diverse approaches are being used to manage a variety of pathogens for control of plant diseases. Biological control is the alternative approach for disease management that is eco-friendly and reduces the amount of human contact with harmful chemicals and their residues. A variety of biocontrol agents including fungi and bacteria have been identified; In this regard, yeast and trichoderma species are the most researched microbes in biocontrol research area. But, despite the presence of many reports on biocontrol, practicability of the biocontrols requires effective adoption and a better understanding of the intricate interactions among the pathogen, plants and environment towards sustainable agriculture. To this end, this review attempts to find and compile previous works done on the role of trichoderma and yeast as a biocontrol agent against postharvest fungal pathogens. Moreover, this review analyzes the mechanisms of biocontrol activity, their means of application and future prospects on the use biogents and the challenges that encounter during the commercialization process.

17

Response of Soil Microbial Isolates to the Toxicity of Green Surfactant

100%

Iroegbu D. I., Adieze I. E., Nwanyanwu C. E., Mejeha O. K., Sinee B.

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EN

In this study, microorganisms were obtained from hydrocarbon-polluted and unpolluted soil samples using Nutrient agar and Bushnell Hass agar for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria respectively.The response of hydrocarbons utilizing soil bacterial isolates to the toxicity of green surfactant was assayed. The hydrocarbons utilizing bacterial isolates in soil extract broth were exposed to different concentrations; (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) % w/v of green surfactants, and their responses (cell growth and viability) were time-dependent and monitored using spectrophotometer and total viable count. These hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria isolates were two different species of Micrococcus (C and D), Bacillus sp. (F2) and Pseudomonas sp. (A2). They showed good response to high concentrations (4 and 5%) of the green surfactant in soil extract broth. This could be a result of a component of the green surfactant such as phosphorus which is an essential nutrient for microbial growth. Hence these tolerated green surfactant concentrations could be recommended to be used as surface active agents to enhance the bioavailability of hydrocarbon to microorganisms for bioremediation practices of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.

18

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing enteric bacteria from hospital wastewater, Ibadan, Nigeria

100%

Falodun O. I., Oladimeji O. S.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 22

62-74

EN

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, including β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamase production among enteric bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater from selected hospital within Ibadan. Physico-chemical analysis of hospital wastewater samples was done, enteric bacteria were isolated and identified using convectional biochemical tests while the selection of potential ESBL-producing bacteria was carried out using disc diffusion method and ESBL detection using double synergy test. The turbidity of the wastewater samples ranged between 4.45-6.5 NTU and total suspended solids ranged between 3.4- 45.5 mg/L. While electrical conductivity was between114.25-214 µs/m, the biological oxygen demand was between 25.8-31.25 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand ranged between 41.25-45.38 mg/L. Of the 200 bacteria isolated 35(17.5%) produced ESBL; 14(40%) from the tertiary hospital and 21(60%) from private hospital out of which 85.7%, 80% and 65.7% showed resistance to sulphamethxazole/Trimetoprim, streptomycin and tetracycline respectively, while resistance to meropenem (8.6%) was low. Among the ESBL-producing isolates, K. pneumonia had the highest (15(42.8%) rate of occurrence. This study revealed a need for hospital wastewater to be properly treated before discharged into water bodies and the environment to forestall the indiscriminate discharge of wastewater harbouring ESBL-producing bacteria.

19

The Prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerling using Current Generating Circular Tanks

100%

Suryadi I. B. B., Rizhmi N. M., Grandiosa R., Rochima E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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vol. 40

91-103

EN

This research focused on determining the best survival performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) fingerlings in a current generating circular tanks and challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. Fish size are ranging from 5 to 7 cm that obtained from Fish Breeding Center of Bandung City, Indonesia. The treatment used are water current and venturi combination with water velocities of 0 m s-1 (A), 0.06 m s-1 (B), 0.1 m s-1 (C), and 0.2 m s-1 (D). The research started with fish rearing (40 days) and was followed by a challenged test (14 days). Tilapia fingerlings were challenged by A. hydrophila at density 108 cfu ml-1 using immersion method. The parameters were gross clinical symptoms, survival rate, red blood cells, white blood cells and water quality. The results showed that current and venturi combination of 0.1 m s-1 gave the best immune performance seen from the increase in red blood cells and white blood cells with 48% of survival rate, however survival rate was not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) among treatments. The increase in red blood cells and white blood cells was from 1.1 × 106 cells mm3-1 to 5.1 × 106 cells mm3-1 and 4.2 × 105 cells mm3-1 to 5.6 × 105 cells mm3-1 respectively. Current generating circular tanks also enhanced tilapia immune system against A. hydrophila infection since fewer clinical symptoms occurred during challenged period.

20

Bacteriological Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil in Obitti Oil Field, Ohaji-Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria

100%

Maduwuba M. C., Akwarandu J. O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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vol. 49

137-146

EN

The bacteriological evaluation of hydrocarbon polluted soil in Obitti oil field in Ohaji Egbema was investigated to ascertain the presence of bacterial community in crude oil-polluted soil. Ohaji Egbema has experienced crude oil pollution in recent times due to the presence of crude oil exploration facilities including the Obitti oil field. Soil samples were collected from four (4) different points within the oil field with varying degree of crude oil pollution along with their corresponding control samples (unpolluted soil). The total culturable heterotrophic bacteria (TCHB), total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (TCHUB), pH and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were monitored using standard procedures. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 0.45±2.0x105 Cfu/g to 2.12±2.6x105 Cfu/g while total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count ranged from 0.56±2.1x104 Cfu/g to 1.35±2.6x103 Cfu/g. pH ranged from 0.11±4.0 to 1.10±5.0 for the polluted soil samples while a range of 0.10±5.7 to 1.00±7.2 was recorded for the control samples. The TPH analysis revealed a high concentration of 9.51±5747.13 mg/kg to 3.45±7214.82 mg/kg for polluted soil samples which is above the DPR intervention limit of 5000 mg/kg for soils while the control samples recorded a range of 5.41±3118.29 mg/kg to 8.21±4285.02 mg/kg. This study has therefore revealed the ability of indigenous bacterial population to strive despite crude oil pollution and as such these hydrocarbon impacted sites can be harnessed for the isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which can serve as a bio-resource for the effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon impacted environment.

Refine search results

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Infection Control in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Biocontrol potential of trichoderma and yeast against post harvest fruit fungal diseases: A review

Response of Soil Microbial Isolates to the Toxicity of Green Surfactant

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing enteric bacteria from hospital wastewater, Ibadan, Nigeria

The Prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerling using Current Generating Circular Tanks

Bacteriological Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil in Obitti Oil Field, Ohaji-Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria