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Heavy Metals (HMs) Concentration in Two Sections of Ogun River, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

100%
Osifeso O. O., Umoren O. D., Akinbola M. G., Idowu D. A., Akinbola S. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2025
|
vol. 60
115-125
EN
Water is essential for the survival of all living beings, yet this precious resource faces growing threats due to the expanding human population and rising developmental activities. The study aimed to assess the heavy metals (HMs) Concentration in Two Sections of the Ogun River in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in triplicate from the two sections, then all water parameters were carried out using standard laboratory procedures. The findings indicated that both pH and temperature were elevated in the Alagada section, while electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were higher in the Lafenwa section of the Ogun River. Moreover, the concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc, and chromium were greater in the Alagada section, whereas manganese, nickel, and lead levels were elevated in the Lafenwa section of the river. Additionally, the concentrations of cadmium, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, and lead in both sections, along with copper in the Alagada section, exceeded the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). A moderately positive correlation was also identified between copper and nickel, as well as manganese and iron, suggesting that the HMs arise from a combination of natural and human-induced sources.
2
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Protective Effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Miracle Leaf) Extract on Butylglycol-Induced Hepatotoxicity

100%
Osifeso O. O., Umoren O. D., Bamidele A. A., Obika C. G., Adeogun O. A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
239-249
EN
The liver is an organ crucial for maintaining and regulating the body’s homeostasis, however, this can be altered due to damage or dysfunction caused by environmental pollutants. The Bryophyllum pinnatum (Family: Crassulaceae) leaf has been traditionally used by the Yoruba people of South Western Nigeria to manage poisonings for many years. This study seeks to explore the protective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum crude extracts against butylglycol- induced liver damage in albino rats. Twenty albino rats were divided into four groups of five. Group A received only distilled water (Negative control), Group B was given butyl glycol only (Positive control), Group C received the crude extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Group D was administered both butyl glycol and the crude extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Phytochemical analysis, micronucleus assays, and enzyme assays (Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST)) were conducted. The phytochemical analysis identified anthraquinone, saponin, terpenoid, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, and reducing sugar in amounts of 10.5±0.40, 8.24±0.01, 0.13±0.03, 80.5±0.39, 13.6±0.01, 25.8±0.33, 14.8±0.66, and 20.8±0.27 mg/100g, respectively, while the micronucleus assay revealed a significantly elevated induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in Group B (20.4±1.14 mPCEs/1000 PCEs) compared to Group A (1.0±0.71 mPMs/1000 cells), p<0.05. The highest levels of ALP and AST were found in Group B (531.81±10.6 U/L; 175.83±2.48 U/L), while Group A showed the lowest levels (174.28±1.19 U/L; 61.29±1.78 U/L), p<0.05. In conclusion, the crude extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum may help to modulate and decrease butylglycol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats, supporting its traditional use for related ailments. However, it is important to establish and promote a dose-dependent relationship during administration.
3
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Elemental Levels, Multivariate Statistic and Toxicological Hazards of Ground and Surface Water Surrounding an Open Dumpsite

86%
Osifeso O. O., Umoren O. D., Lanre-Iyanda Y. A., Olanrewaju B. B., Ibitokun O. R., Ogunsanya B. G.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 59
384-397
EN
Water is an essential component of life with a wide range of uses, the mismanagement and the lack of monitoring as posed a lot of reduction on the water quality. The study aims to evaluate the level of elements and the possible health risk in water around an open dumpsite. Water samples were collected from wells, streams and boreholes surrounding the site in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Acid Digestions was done using 20 ml conc. HNO3 acid solution. Elemental estimation was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Result showed that the level of element in the water sources were lower than the WHO standards except for Fe (0.85 mg/L) which is higher (0.30 mg/L). Pearson correlation revealed that Ca, Na and Mn had a significant positive relationship while and factor analysis reviewed four components with the component 1, having 36% variance and strong loading with Ca, Na and Mn. Hazard Index (HI) values show a downward pattern of P b> Cr > Cd.>Ni > Mn > Ag > Zn and Cr > Cd> Ag > Ni > Mn > Pb > Zn for adults and children respectively which were less than 1. This indicated no significant hazard effect on the population making use of the water. The carcinogenic risk of Pb and Cr for the population was less than the described limit of 1×10-6 which indicates a negligible carcinogenic risk to the human population. The study shows that the water sources around the open dumpsite posed no hazardous effect on the residents utilizing the water sources for domestic purposes.
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