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Mycobacterium tuberculosis - the 10 years of epidemiological and diagnostics studies

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Boruń-Popławska M., Sajduda A., Brzostek A., Dziadek J., Marta Boruń-Popławska - Centre for Medical Biology & Microbiology P. A. o. S., Anna Sajduda - Universität Łódź D. o. f. G. o. M., Anna Brzostek - Centre for Medical Biology & Microbiology P. A. o. S., Jarosław Dziadek - Centre for Medical Biology & Microbiology P. A. o. S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica
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2005
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vol. 2
EN
Tuberculosis (ТВ) is the main bacterial pathogen that causes more deaths than AIDS, malaria and all infectious diseases. The unusual long doubling time (about 24h), highly hydrophobic cell envelope resistant to chemical lysis was the reason to delay the molecular study of this bacteria. Fifteen years ago, we did not have any molecular tools and methods for genetic manipulation or isolation and analysis of intracellular protein and nucleic acids. Today we have many useful shuttle or integration vectors for basic study of mycobacteria. The full sequence of M. tuberculosis genome is already known. At the present time the diagnosis of tuberculosis is supported with fast-culture system BACTEC and molecular techniques based on PCR and DNA hybridization. The mechanisms of resistance to antituberculosis drugs were described, and first identification of resistance profile is available by using PCR and sequencing or real time PCR methods. In our group in the Center for Microbiology and Virology Polish Academy of Sciences and in the Dept, of Genetics of Microorganisms, University Łódź we have characterized new insertion sequences from M. tuberculosis complex- 18990 and IS1607. In diagnostic studies we have proposed the DIG-PCR ELISA assay as a reliable, specific and sensitive test to identify M. tuberculosis directly in clinical samples. We have performed wide epidemiological studies of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Polish ТВ patients including drug - and multidrug - resistant strains. Finally we identified the most frequently present mutations responsible for drug resistance of polish clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
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Prątki niegruźlicze - dlaczego tak trudno leczyć mykobakteriozy?

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Antczak M., Dadura K., Lewandowska K., Dziadek J.
Kosmos
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2017
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vol. 66
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issue 1
31-40
PL
Zakażenia prątkami niegruźliczymi stanowią w dzisiejszych czasach znaczący problem. Infekcje te dotyczą najczęściej osób z obniżoną odpornością. Atypowe prątki są często przyczyną mykobakteriozy płucnej, ale także pozapłucnej, w przypadkach kiedy infekcja rozwija się w obrębie skóry, tkanek miękkich czy kości. Nowoczesna diagnostyka wykorzystująca narzędzia biologii molekularnej pozwala na szybką identyfikację gatunku MOTT, jednakże wykrycie atypowych prątków nie zawsze świadczy o mykobakteriozie i konieczności terapii, która ze względu na liczne mechanizmy oporności MOTT może okazać się nieskuteczna. Interesującym zjawiskiem jest także zdolność prątków atypowych do tworzenia biofilmów, trójwymiarowych struktur wielokrotnie zmniejszających wrażliwość tych drobnoustrojów na antybiotyki.
EN
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a group of opportunistic species of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae, which are widespread in the environment occurring in soil, water and dust. Therefore, it is common to localize them in the respiratory, gastrointestinal tract and skin. In the past two decades, increasing number of infections caused by atypical mycobacteria was reported worldwide. Development of molecular biology and new diagnostic tests enables faster distinction of atypical mycobacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and more accurate identification of the species. Most atypical mycobacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics commonly used for treatment of both mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis. The drug resistance of NTM involves nonspecific mechanisms, which also occur in other bacteria, and specific mechanisms characteristic for mycobacteria only. Resistance can be innate, determined by the bacterial genome, or acquired, as the result of mutational changes.
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