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Dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity

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Malara M., Hübner-Woźniak E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
99-107
EN
Study aim: The purpose was to assess dietary intake of energy and selected nutrients and plasma lipid profile in young women and men with different levels of physical activity. Material and methods: The research included a total of 116 female and male students at the University of Physical Education who differed in their levels of physical activity. Analysis of the diets was based on 24-hour dietary interviews collected over 4 days prior to blood collection. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TG) were measured in venous blood. In addition, the concentration of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratios of TC / HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. Results: Women, regardless of their physical activity levels, were characterized by a significantly higher concentration of total cholesterol in plasma (4.8 and 4.5 mmol/L, respectively - in training participants; 4.7 and 4.3 mmol/L, respectively - in non-training participants), although their dietary intake of cholesterol was significantly lower in comparison with the corresponding groups of men (282.0 and 484.7 mg, respectively - in training participants; 252.6 and 400.2 mg, respectively - in non-training participants). A trend toward a worse lipid profile of training women and men compared with the corresponding groups of non-training participants was also observed. Conclusions: Increased physical activity in the groups of training women and men was not a sufficient stimulus to induce positive changes in their lipid profiles. Nor can it be excluded that the observed differences were the result of diet, as dietary intake of cholesterol in the groups of training women and men was higher compared with the corresponding groups of non-training participants.
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Effects of competitive pentathlon training on the antioxidant defence components

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Lewandowski P., Hübner-Woźniak E.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 2
78-80
EN
Study aim: To assess the effects of training on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and on the total plasma antioxidant status in competitive pentathletes.Material and methods: A group of 10 senior male pentathletes (P) and of 10 sedentary male subjects (S) participated in the study. Blood was withdrawn from the antecubital vein in the morning, in the preprandial state. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocyte haemolisates, that of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in whole blood haemolysate, and the total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma.Results: The activities of all enzymes were significantly (p<0.05 - 0.001) higher in P than in S group while no significant between-group difference was found for TAS.Conclusions: The pronounced enzymatic antioxidative potential and oxidative stress defence observed in athletes practicing modern pentathlon may be attributed to their extensive training.
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The effect of wrestling tournament on immune and endocrine markers in blood and saliva of male and female athletes

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Trochimiak T., Hübner-Woźniak1 E.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2014
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vol. 7
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issue 3
81-89
EN
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of one-day wrestling tournament on magnitude and direction of changes in selected immunological and endocrine status indices. The participants of the study were male (n = 12) and female (n = 13) wrestlers. The earlobe blood samples and unstimulated saliva were collected at three time points: in the morning before the competition (1), immediately after the last match (2) and in the next morning (3). Total protein, IgA and cortisol concentration and α-amylase activity in saliva, as well as concentration of cortisol and interleukin-6 in serum were measured. Significantly lower ratio of sIgA/protein and significantly higher levels of salivary and serum cortisol, interleukin-6, and α-amylase activity were observed at the second time point compared with the first and the third in both groups of athletes. Regardless of the examined time point, concentrations of serum and saliva markers were similar in female and male wrestlers. However, a tendency to lower sAA activity on the next morning after the tournament compared to basal activity of this enzyme was seen in both examined groups. In general, the changes of examined markers were short-lived, except for α-amylase activity, showing that tournament-wrestling matches had no sustained negative effects on endocrine and immunological body systems.
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Effects of training on resting plasma levels of homocysteine and C-reactive protein in competitive male and female wrestlers

100%
Hübner-Woźniak E., Ochocki P.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 1
42-46
EN
Study aim: To assess the effects of training on resting plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), folic acid, and on the activity of creatine kinase (CK) in competitive male and female wrestlers.Material and methods: Polish elite wrestlers, male MW; n = 11) and female (FW; n = 11), as well as corresponding numbers of untrained, control subjects (MC and FC, respectively), participated in the study. Blood for assays was withdrawn from the antecubital vein in the morning, in pre-prandial state. Homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), folic acid and creatine kinase (CK) activity were assayed in plasma.Results: Mean concentrations of Hcy and CRP were in the control groups significantly higher and those of folic acid - lower than in the respective groups of wrestlers. Folic acid levels were negatively correlated with Hcy, especially in wrestlers (r = -0.540; p<0.01). Mean CK activity was significantly (p<0.001) higher in male wrestlers than in male controls or female subjects. No significant correlation between CK and CRP was found.Conclusions: Strength-speed training practiced by elite wrestlers, associated with significantly lower values of Hcy and CRP in them compared with the untrained subjects, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases at later age, like in case of endurance training.
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The resting salivary antimicrobial proteins and cortisol concentration in wrestlers during 12-week training

81%
Trochimiak T., Hübner-Woźniak E., Tomaszewski P.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 1
EN
Study aim: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12-week training on saliva immunoendocrine response in collegiate male and female wrestlers. Material and methods: the control group was composed of men and women of the same age, not engaged in any sports activity except for physical education classes at the university. The examined athletes participated in a 12-week training program, which consisted of two sub-phases (preparatory period and competitive period). Saliva samples were collected at three time points: at the beginning (the first point), after six weeks of the preparatory period (the second point, which was the start of the competitive period) and after six weeks of the competitive period (the third point). Immunoglobulin A and cortisol concentration, and α-amylase activity were measured in saliva by respective ELISA kits. Immunoglobulin A was expressed as relative to total protein concentration (sIgA/total protein). Results: at the third time point, the sIgA/total protein ratio was significantly lower in female compared to male athletes. α-Amylase activity was lower in all examined athletes at all three time points compared to respective control groups. Conclusions: hormonal and mucosal antimicrobial system response can provide helpful information of body adaptive processes to physical strain as well as indicators of magnitude of training-induced stress.
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Effects of age, gender and physical activity on plasma lipid profile

81%
Okęcka-Szymańska J., Hübner-Woźniak E., Piątkowska I., Malara M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 3
1-5
EN
Study aim: To assess the effects of gender, age and engagement in physical activities of elderly subjects on their plasma lipid profiles.Material and methods: Four groups of subjects, n = 11 each, participated in the study: young men (YM) and women (YW), aged 25 - 32 years, and sedentary, elderly men (EM) and women (EW), aged 58 - 66 years; additionally, a group of 7 women (AW), aged 60 - 65 years, who trained twice weekly (45-min sessions) for 8 months, was studied. The following concentrations of lipids in plasma were recorded: triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions: HDLC and LDLC (computed), as well as the TC/HDLC ratio.Results: Lipid profiles were, generally, less favourable in elderly than in younger subjects, high HDLC values noted in active, elderly women being an exception. In elderly subjects, men's profiles were closer to those of younger subjects than in elderly women and differed significantly (p<0.001) lower for TC and LDLC compared with EW group. Triacylglycerols were within normal limits in all groups except EW; LDLC values were mostly abnormally high, the percentages of subjects having normal values ranging from 0 (YM and EW) to 27% (YW).Conclusions: The age-dependent worsening of lipid profiles increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases in sedentary elderly subjects. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of motor activities on lipid profile observed in elderly women evidence the indispensability recommending of physical exercises to the elderly.
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Concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, copper, zinc and iron in plasma of young subjects differing in their engagement in motor activities

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Malara M., Hübner-Woźniak E., Kurczyńska A.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 4
1-5
EN
Study aim: To assess possible effects of gender and of the level of motor activity on the deficiencies of selected vitamins and minerals in young subjects.Material and methods: Four groups of physical education (PE) students (n = 15 each) were studied: sedentary men (SM) and women (SF), and physically active men (AM) and women (AF) engaged in endurance sports, all aged 18 - 24 years, were studied. Somatic measurements included body height and mass, and body fat content (by Durnin's method, from 4 skinfolds), the biochemical ones included concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, copper, zinc and iron in plasma.Results: Men had significantly higher retinol (p<0.05) and iron (p<0.01) levels than women. The AM and SF groups had significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) higher plasma levels of copper and zinc than Group SM. Group AF had lower zinc levels than Groups AM and SF, that latter group having lower α-tocopherol compared with Group SM.Conclusions: Inasmuch the observed differences could be due to the respective intakes, the effect of motor activity and the associated increased elimination of minerals could not be ruled out.
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Anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers

81%
Ogonowska A., Hübner-Woźniak E., Kosmol A., Gromisz W.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 1
79-82
EN
Study aim: To assess the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles of male and female swimmers by applying two exercise tests.Material and methods: Male and female swimmers (n = 9 and 6, respectively), aged 19 - 23 years and having training experience of over 10 years, were subjected to two tests: 30-s Wingate for upper extremities and semitethered swimming test. The following variables were determined: body fat content (from 4 skinfolds), maximum power output, heart rate (HR) and lactate (LA) concentration in blood.Results: Relative power outputs in the Wingate test and swimming force in semi-tethered swimming test (maximum and mean) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in male than in the female swimmers. Maximum LA concentrations were higher in male than in female swimmers, but maximum LA values related to relative power output were in both genders alike. Maximum force produced in the semi-tethered swimming test was strongly (r = 0.765; p<0.001) correlated with maximum relative power output in the Wingate test.Conclusions: Both tests may be interchangeably applied to determine the anaerobic capacity of upper extremity muscles in swimmers.
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