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Modification of Expanded Graphite Electrodes by Ozone Treatment

100%
Krawczyk P., Skowroński J.
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issue 3
465-470
EN
The aim of the present work was the modification of the electrochemical properties of expanded graphite by ozone treatment. Electrochemical investigations showed that ozone modification of expanded graphite electrodes results in the significant improvement of their electrochemical activity towards the phenol carried out by cyclic voltammetry method in alkaline solution. The highest activity demonstrates sample expanded graphite modified under ozone atmosphere at elevated temperature. The analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra and voltammetric curves recorded in electrolyte without phenol additive showed increased concentration of different types of oxygen functional groups on the surface of modified expanded graphite.
2

The influence of different culture microenvironments on the generation of dendritic cells from non-small-cell lung cancer patients

81%
Krawczyk P., Wojas K., Milanowski J., Rolinski J.
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 6
405-415
EN
Introduction: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are currently under extensive evaluation as cell vaccines for cancer treatment. Many protocols regarding DC generation in vitro with different protein components, especially autologous proteins, have been described. On the other hand, active tumor-derived factors in patients' serum could impair monocytes, which might result in their abrogated differentiation into DCs in vitro. Materials and Methods: Autologous DCs from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-bearing patients were generated in different culture microenvironments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte-monocyte-stimulating factor with supplementation of 10% autologous serum, 10% allogenic serum, or 2% human albumin. The course of apoptosis, phagocytic ability, and the immunophenotype of the generated DCs were analyzed using flow cytometric methods. Results: After 48 h of culture, we found a lower percentage of CD1a+/CD14+ and a higher percentage of CD1a+/CD14? cells in the culture supplemented with human albumin than in the cultures supplemented with serums. The lowest CD14 antigen expression was found in the human albumin-supplemented 48-h cultures. After 48 h in the cultures carried out with human albumin we found significantly higher percentages of AV+/PI+ cells and AV?/PI+ cells than in cultures supplemented with autologous or allogenic serum. We also noted that the expression of FITC-dextran after 4 and 24 h of incubation was significantly higher in the cultures supplemented with both serums than in the HA-SC. The percentage of semi-mature DCs and of CD83 expression was lowest in the culture supplemented with 2% human albumin. Conclusions: The kind of culture supplementation had a great impact on the apoptosis of cultured PBMCs. It could also influence the yield of monocyte-derived DCs. It was also confirmed that autologous and allogenic serums provide suitable microenvironments for the generation of autologous DCs from NSCLC patients. The choice of culture supplementation for DC generation is still unsolved and further studies should be undertaken
3

Immunological system status and the appearance of respiratory system disturbances in thymectomized patients

71%
Krawczyk P., Adamczyk-Korbel M., Kieszko R., Korobowicz E., Milanowski J.
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
49-56
EN
Introduction: Adult-onset thymoma may be responsible for several diseases, such as pure red cell aplasia, myasthenia gravis, and immunodeficiency (Good's syndrome). Thymectomy does not always improve the patient's condition, and may even produce additional symptoms. Its pathogenesis is still not entirely understood, but autoimmunological processes and bone marrow defect are the most frequently suggested. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients (mean age: 56.2?15.5 years) were analyzed 6 months to 10 years after thymectomy due to thymoma as were 25 healthy persons serving as controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry techniques were used to evaluate the immunological status of the subjects. Results: Good's syndrome was diagnosed in one patient, 4 subjects suffered from myasthenia gravis, and recurrent infections of upper and lower respiratory tract appeared in 9 patients. The immunological analyses (ELISA and flow cytometry) revealed a significantly lower IgG level (p<0.05), percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocytes (p<0.0005), and CD4:CD8 ratio (p<0.05) in thymectomized patients compared with the healthy controls. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing CD28 antigen were significantly lower in thymectomized patients than in healthy subjects (p<0.005 and p<0.01, respectively). The percentage of na?ve T helper lymphocytes was significantly lower in the patients than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusions: Immunodeficiency and recurrent infections may be the first symptoms of immunological disturbances after thymectomy in adults. It is suggested that regular medical monitoring of these patients is important in preventing further complications, which may result in irreversible lung tissue destruction.
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